Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

abnormal involuntary contraction of the atria – it reduces the contraction of the ventricles
-Too many stimuli to the atrium, causing rapid quivering of atrial myocardium which results in ineffective pumping of blood into ventricles.

A

Atrial fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

↓ O2 saturation levels (‹80) (blue colored)

A

Cyanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cyanosis Central Bluish tint

A

Lips
Tongue
Ears and mucous membranes
Exercise intolerance noted more with central

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cyanosis Peripheral Bluish tint

A

Nailbeds
Fingertips
Toes
Nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

usually swelling of hands and feet and abdomen

-side effect of cardiac disease

A

Pitting Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pain in calf during walking and prolonged standing – relieved with rest – will discuss in cardiac rehab
-Insufficient blood supply to muscles affected by diseased artery

A

Intermittent Claudication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

decreased cardiac output of blood with contraction of ventricle - exercise tolerance decreased

A

Reduced Ejection Fraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lightheaded or fainting episode

A

Syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Medical Emergency – call the codeThe electrical shock to the heart is intended to override the abnormal rhythm, stop the heart, and stimulate a return to normal rhythm.

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

catheter is inserted through an artery and passed to the heart – a contrast fluid is used and x-rays taken to see narrowing of vessels

A

Cardiac Catheterization and Angiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnostic Ultrasound images of the heart

A

Echocardiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

An ECG recording of the heart rhythm. We will cover this in rehab techiniqes

A

Electrocardiogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ECG with leads that are attached to a portable unit that measures heart rhythm for 24 hours .

A

Holter Monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nuclear imaging technique - creates a three dimensional image or shows the function of the cell.

A

Positron emission tomography (PET)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

An exercise test used to evaluate patients cardiac and respiratory response to physical stress

A

Stress Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Angina Pectoris

A
  • Acute chest pain
  • ischemia to the heart
  • Treat with nitroglycerin
17
Q

aortic atherosclerosis

A

Build up of plaque in the aorta
Often – no symptoms are present until complete obliteration of vessel
Risk of emboli – portion breaks off and causes obstruction and rupture of smaller vessel.

18
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

narrowing of lumen due to deposits of fatty material/plaque,

associated with high levels of LDL cholesterol

can cause MIs, CVA’s, or other ischemia, prone to form thrombosis, embolisms

has a hereditary link

19
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

chronic disease of arterial system

abnormal thickening and hardening of the intima of the vessel wall;

vessels become brittle, prone to rupture

part of natural aging process

20
Q

Cardiac Arrest/Myocardial Infarction

A 
Heart attack - Stopping of the heart 
Etiology: 
Decreased blood flow to the heart
Massive blood loss
Traumatic event
21
Q

Risk Factors of MI

A 
Heredity
Age
Obesity
Smoking
Hypertension - HTN 
Diabetes
Sedentary lifestyle
High cholesterol and triglyceride levels
22
Q

S&S of MI

A

Symptoms vary and may not have any warning
Dyspnea
Angina – crushing pain may c/o pain in L shoulder and or arm and up neck and into L jaw (not relieved by NTG)
Tachycardia or bradycardia
Sweating, pale, nausea, rapid pulse & loss of consciousness
Diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy will not feel chest pain (approx 20%)
Some women c/o more back pain than anterior chest pain

23
Q

Cardiac Shock, Cardiac Failure, Heart Failure

A

All mean the same thing – cardiac muscle is so weak it can’t work.
Unable to pump blood to extremities

24
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Includes any diseases affecting/involving the heart muscle
Causes include: heart attack, alcoholism, long-term/severe HTN, systemic lupus erythematosus, celiac disease, end-stage renal disease & viral infections.

25
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

Heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs

Two types – Left ventricular failure and Right ventricular failure

26
Q

CHF S&S

A 
Right sided: 
Fatigue
Enlarged liver/spleen
swelling hands/feet
increase peripheral venous pressure
Cyanosis
Left sided:
Fatigue
Pulmonary congestion
Dyspnea
Cyanosis
Confusion
27
Q

Endocarditis

A

Bacterial infection of the lining of the heart and includes the heart valves can lead to heart failure

28
Q

HTN

A

Blood pressure beyond 140/90 (CDC definition)
Classified as Mild, moderate or severe and is either:
Essential (primary)- no known cause
Secondary- due to another disease

29
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of muscle of the heart – this is rare

30
Q

Pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardium associated with myocarditis

31
Q

Rheumatic Heart Disease

A

Rare in US – due to antibiotics

Caused by acute fever from streptococci throat infections

32
Q

Valve problems

A

Stenosis, Insufficiency, Prolapse

Pathology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions