Cardiovascular Flashcards
Definition of unstable angina
new, worsening, occurs at rest
Beck’s Triad
for cardiac tamponade (hypotension, distant heart sounds, JVD)
What drugs slow HR
BB, CCBs, digoxin, amiodarone
Systolic ejection murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that increases with Valsalva
hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Diastolic, decrescendo, lo pitch, blowing murmur heard best sitting up, worse with handgrip
Austin flint murmur of aortic insufficiency
systolic crescendo-decrescendo that radiates into the neck, increases with squatting
aortic stenosis
squatting will _______your heart’s __________
increase preload
handgripping will ______ your heart’s _________
increase afterload
valsalva will _______ your heart’s ____________
decrease preload
holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla, increases with handgripping
mitral regurgitation
diastolic, mid to late lo pitch murmur preceded by an opening snap
mitral stenosis
patient in afib/aflutter
if unstable: cardiovert
stable: CCB or BB for rate control + anticoag
fever, pericarditis, hi sed rate 2-4 weeks post MI
Dressler syndrome (autoimmune)
IVDU with JVD, holosystolic murmur at L sternal border
tricuspid regurg, tx heart failure, replace valve
diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Echo (thick wall, outflow obstruction)
What is pulsus paradoxus
decrease in systolic BP >10 mm Hg WITH INSPIRATION in a patient with cardiac tamponade
Pericarditis EKG
lo voltage, diffuse ST elevation
Surgically correctable causes of HTN
RAS, coarctation of aorta, pheo, Conn’s syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal dz, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism
Best test for pulsatile abdominal mass with bruit
abdominal US and CT
AAA size for surgery
> 5.5 cm or rapidly enlarging, or symptomatic, or ruptured
tx for patient with acute coronary syndrome
ASA + heparin + clopidogrel + O2 + morphine + nitro + IV BB
What is metabolic syndrome
abdominal obesity, hi TG, lo HDL, HTN, insulin resistance, prothrombotic or proinflammatory state
Target LDL in diabetic
<70 mg/dL
do a pharm stress test instead of exercise if:
conduction defects, pt has OA, old, unstable angina
