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CCE > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Age for CVD risk assessment (3)

A

45-79
DM - 35-79
First nations - 30-79

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2
Q

Additional components on assessing CVD risk in diabetes (5)

A

HbA1c
Date from diagnosis
uACR + eGFR
BMI
Insulin within 6mo

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3
Q

Steps in CVD Risk Management (6/7)

A

SNAWAP
- Smoking cessation
- Nutrition
- Activity
- Weight
- Alcohol reduction
- Pharmacological -> BP lowering + Lipid Modification

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4
Q

When BP + cholesterol treatment required regardless of risk

A

SBP >160
DMP >100
TC >7.5 mmol/L

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5
Q

Calculated 45yo mans CVD risk 9% - multiple results showing eGFR 50, uACR 10 - ?any relevance

A

Mod CKD so could consider re-classifying to high risk.
- Sustained eGFR 45-59
- Persistent uACR 2.5-25mg/mmol (3.5-35 in women)
- lower eGFR or high ACR = severe = high risk

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6
Q

Pre-existing HTN in patient. Now pregnant.
How to pharma manage? (3)

A

Methyldopa
Labetalol
Clonidine

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7
Q

seconadary causes of dyslipidaemia (7)

A
  • CKD
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • T2DM
  • Hypothyroid
  • Cholestasis
  • Obesity
  • Excessive ETOH
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8
Q

Acute chest pain - likely ACS
Mx steps

A
  • Call for help/Organise transfer
  • 300mg aspirin
  • GTN
  • IV Morphine
  • 02 if Sats <93%
  • Repeat ECG
  • +- IV Access
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9
Q

Beta-blockers for heart failure with reduced LVEF (4)

A

Carvedilol
Bisoprolol
Nebivolol
Metoprolol succinate

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10
Q

Presents with pain in the thigh. US shows 15cm thrombosis in right superficial femoral vein.
Treatment?

A

Treat as DVT - superficial femoral vein is a deep vein

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11
Q

4 medications for HFrEF

A

ACE-i or ARB
B-Blocker
MRA (spiro)
SGLT2-inhibitor (empagliflozin)

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12
Q

Rx for symptomatic complete heart block

A

Atropine 0.5mg IV stat
+ rpt in 15mins

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13
Q

Presenting with new chest pain + new LBBB

A

Need to treat as ACS, assume MI until proven otherwise

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14
Q

SVT Mx in ED (2) + O/P paroxysmal Mx

A

Vagal maneouvre
Rapid bolus 6m IV Adenosine
OP - beta-block

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15
Q

Pt presents with acute onset palpitations and breathlessness. ECG shows VT, BP 120/60.
Rx?

A

VT:
Haemodynamically stable -> IV Amiodarone infusion
Unstable -> SHOCK

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16
Q
A

Digoxin toxicity
- weakness, confusion, visual changes
- wide spread ST depression, with down sloping fashion

17
Q

ECG areas
- lateral
- inferior
- anterior

A
18
Q

Pre-op patient, asking about anti-platelet agents

A

Withold for 7 days prior to non cardiac surgery
- resume with oral intake
CVD surgery needs discussion with cardio

19
Q

85M pt on apixaban 5mg BD for AF. Stable weight 75kg, and recent mild worsening of renal failure - eGFR 45, Creat 110.
Would a dose change be needed

A

Apixaban for AF
- oral, 5mg BD
Reduce to 2.5mg BD for2+ risk factors for bleedings
- 80+ yo
- wt <60kg
- serum Creat >133

For this pt - leave dose unchanged
NB: above is NOT relevant in DVT/PE

20
Q

KFP question, person with calf pain + swelling, atraumatic, no recent surgery. Suspect DVT.
Aspects of hx to clarify cause?

A

Need diverse DDx in questions
DVT/PE
- Recent air travel/immobility OR/
- 1st degree FHx of DVT OR/
- SOB/chest pain
MSK injury
- recent excessive exercise
- onset of pain during exercise
Cellulitis
- fever

21
Q

Duration of anti-coagulation therapy for DVT (4)

A
22
Q

Pt with known HTN, on meds, presents with poorly controlled HTN.
Possible causes (8)

A
  • non compliance with meds
  • OSA
  • Excessive ETOH or caffeine
  • Medications AE (eg. pred)
  • Primary aldosteronism
  • Renal artery stenosis
  • phaeochromocytoma
  • High salt diet
23
Q

Investigations for secondary HTN (6)

A

Renovascular
- UEC with eGFR
- Urinalysis
- uACR
Primary aldosteronism
- Aldosterone/renin ratio
Phaeochromocytoma
- plasma metanephrines
Cushings
- 1mg overnight dex supression test OR
- free cortisol in 24urine on 2 occasions

24
Q

Hypertriglyceridaemia mx (3)

A

Trigs <4 - standard statin
4-10 - add fish oil
10+ = statin + fish oil + fenofibrate

25
Q

Assessing stroke risk in patient with new AF?

A

CHA2DS2-VASc - 2+ males, 3+ females
C- CHF
H- HTN
A - Age >75 2points
D - DM
S - Stroke/TIA/VTE 2points
V - Vasc disease - IHD, PAD
A - Age 65-74
S - Sex female

26
Q

Pharmacological options for Rx of stable angina (3)

A
  1. Beta-blocker: Atenolol OD
  2. Dihydropyridine Ca-Channel blockers: Amlodipine OD
  3. Long-acting nitrate: ISMN MR OD
27
Q

Diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (5)

A

3 of 5 = Metabolic Syndrome
1. Large waist circumference - population specific
2. Elevated trigs >1.7
3. Reduced HDL <1 for men, <1.3 for women
4. Elevated BP >130/85
5. Elevated fasting glucose >5.5

CCE (18 decks)

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