cardiovascular Flashcards
The cardiovascular system functions primarily to ____
Transport blood throughout the body.
Cardiovascular is composed of the (1) ___ and the network of (2) ____ , (3) _____ , (4) ______.
- Heart
- Arteries
- Veins
- Capillaries
What is the average blood volume of adult male?
5-6 liters
What is the average blood volume of adult female?
4-5 liters
What do blood carries to all of the living cells in the body?
Oxygen and essential nutrients
Blood also carries (1) _____ from the tissues to the system of the body through which they are eliminated.
Waste products
Most of the blood is made up of a (1) ____, (2) _____ called plasma.
- Watery
- Protein-laden fluid
The other solid elements of blood are called ____
Platelets
A little less than half of this blood volume is composed of (1) ___ and (2) ___ cells
- Red blood
- White blood
How does high blood pressure increases the workload of the heart?
By increasing the force with which the heart must pump to provide blood to the body.
High blood pressure is also a concern for?
Proper kidney functioning
Low blood pressure is a concern for maintaining?
Adequate blood pressure to the brain.
A decrease in pressure may lead to
Fainting or dizziness
Give at least 3 objectives for cardiovascular system activity
- Determine pulse rate
- Describe heart sounds
- Distinguish between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure
Measurement of pulse rate
Beats per minute (bpm)
How to measure you pulse rate?
By locating regions of the body where the pulse can be palpated.
Areas of pulse:
Radial artery
Carotid artery
Temporal artery
Facial artery
Brachial artery
Femoral artery
Posterior tibial artery
Dorsalis pedis artery
Popliteal artery
What is the cardiac cycle?
- Contraction (systole)
- Relaxation (diastole)
What do contraction of the ventricles produce and its result?
A rise in intraventricular pressure, resulting in the vibration of the surrounding structures.
What produces the first sound of the heart, usually verbalized as “lub” ?
The vibration of the atrioventricular valves
What happens at the end of the contraction phase?
The blood in the aorta and pulmonary arteries pushes the one-way semilunar valves shut, and the resulting vibration of these structures produces the second sound of the heart, “dub”.
When is the splitting of the heart sounds more evident?
During inhalation and during exhalation
During inhalation, why does the first heart sound may split into two sounds?
Because the tricuspid and mitral valves close at different times.
During exhalation, why does the second heart sound may split into two sounds?
Because the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close at different times.
