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Key facts Phase 2a > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

1st line investigation for stable angina, unstable angina and myocardial infarction

A

12-lead ECG

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2
Q

Gold investigation for stable angina

A

CT coronary angiogram

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3
Q

ECG findings of stable angina

A

Normal or ST depression

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4
Q

ECG findings of STEMI

A

ST elevation in 2 continuous leads OR new left bundle branch block

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5
Q

ECG findings of NSTEMI

A

ST depression or T wave inversion

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6
Q

ECG changes in V1-V4 corresponds to which arterial region

A

Left anterior descending

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7
Q

ECG changes in Lead I, aVL, V5 and V6 correspond to which vascular region

A

Left circumflex

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8
Q

ECG changes in Lead II, Lead III and aVF correspond to which vascular region

A

Right coronary artery

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9
Q

GOLD treatment for STEMI

A

Angiography and PCI if presenting within 12hrs and treatment available within 120 mins OR fibrinolysis if PCI not available within 120 mins

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10
Q

Preventative medication for stable angina

A

Beta blocker, calcium channel blocker (amlodipine), ACEi (ramipril), antiplatelet, statins, nitrates (GTN)

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11
Q

Initial treatment of unstable angina/MI

A

MONA
Morphine
Oxygen (<94%)
Nitrates
Aspirin 300mg

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12
Q

Secondary prevention for unstable angina and MI

A

Antiplatelet (clopidogrel or ticagrelor)
Beta blocker (propanolol)
Statin
ACEi (ramipril)

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13
Q

1st line antihypertensive drug for T2DM, <55y/o and not Black or Afro-Caribbean

A

ACEi (ramipril) or ARB (candersartan)

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14
Q

2nd line antihypertensive drug for T2DM, <55y/o and not Black or Afro-Caribbean

A

Add CCB (amlodipine) or thiazide-like diuretic

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15
Q

1st line antihypertensive drug for >55y/o and Black or Afro-Caribbean

A

CCB

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16
Q

2nd line antihypertensive drug for >55y/o and Black or Afro-Caribbean

A

ACEi (ramipril)/ARB (candersartan) or thiazide-like diuretic

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17
Q

ACEi (ramipril) side effect

A

Cough -> change to ARB (candersartan)

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18
Q

1st line investigation for heart failure

A

Brain natriuretic peptide

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19
Q

GOLD investigation for heart failure

A

Echocardiogram

20
Q

CXR findings of heart failure

A

Alveolar oedema (bat wings)
Kerly B lines (interstitial oedema)
Cardiomegaly
Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels
Pleural effusion

20
Q

GOLD investigation of heart failure

A

Echo

21
Q

Treatment of heart failure

A

Diuretics (furosemide)
ACEi (ramipril)/ARB (candersartan)
Beta blocker
Digoxin

22
Q

ECG changes in AF

A

Absent p waves and irregularly irregular QRS

23
Q

Tool to predict risk of stroke

A

CHADVASc score

24
Q

1st line treatment in AF (rate and rhythm control)

A

Beta blocker

25
Q

ECG changes in atrial flutter

A

regular sawtooth-like atrial flutter between QRS complexes

26
Q

Rhythm control for AF

A

Amiodarone or electrical cardioversion (defibrillator)

27
Q

ECG changes in Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome

A

Delta wave - slurred upstroke on QRS

28
Q

1st line Wolf-Parkinson-White treatment

A

Valsava manoeuvre or carotid sinus massage

29
Q

GOLD treatment for Wolf-Parkinson-White

A

Radiofrequency ablation of accessory pathway

30
Q

Criteria for infective endocarditis

A

Duke’s

31
Q

1st line investigation of infective endocarditis

A

Blood cultures - 3 sets from different sites over 24hrs before commencing antibiotics

32
Q

GOLD investigation for infective endocarditis

A

Trans-oesophageal echocardiogram

33
Q

ECG changes of pericarditis

A

Saddle-shaped ST elevation (widespread)

34
Q

1st degree AV block ECG

A

All P waves followed by ventricular conduction but delayed

35
Q

Mobitz I block ECG

A

PR intervals become progressively longer until P wave is dropped and not followed by QRS complex

36
Q

Mobitz II block ECG

A

Constant long PR intervals and P wave not followed by QRS complex

37
Q

3rd degree block ECG

A

P waves completely independent of QRS complexes

38
Q

1st line investigation for aortic aneurysm

A

Ultrasonography

39
Q

GOLD investigation of aortic dissection

A

CT scan

40
Q

GOLd treatment of aortic dissection

A

Endovascular stent-graft repair

41
Q

6 Ps of peripheral vascular disease

A

Pain
Paraesthesia
Pulselessness
Pallor
Paralysis
Perishingly cold

42
Q

GOLD investigation for peripheral vascular disease

A

Ankle-Brachial pressure index <0.9

43
Q

Endocarditis treatment

A

Staph - vancomycin
MRSA - vancomycin + rifampicin
Other - benzylpenicillin + gentamycin
FOR 6 WEEKS

44
Q

Criteria for rheumatic fever

A

Jones criteria - recent strep infection + 2 major OR 1 major and 2 minor symptoms

45
Q

Treatment of rheumatic fever

A

Bed rest
Benzylpenicillin IV, then phenoxymethylpenicillin for 10 days
Haloperidol/diazepam for chorea

Key facts Phase 2a (5 decks)

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