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Phase 1 Anatomy > CARDIOVASCULAR > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR Flashcards

1
Q

What is the superior part of the sternum

A

manubrium

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2
Q

Joint between clavicle & suprasternal notch

A

sternoclavicular joint

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3
Q

What does the manubrium articulate with

A

clavicle & first rib

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4
Q

What is the middle section of the sternum

A

Body

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5
Q

Joint between manubrium & body of the sternum

A

Manubriosternal joint (Sternal angle/angle of Louis)

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6
Q

Which ribs does the body of the sternum articulate with

A

Ribs 2-7

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7
Q

What is the inferior part of the sternum

A

Xiphoid process (Xiphisternum)

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8
Q

Joint between ribs and costal cartilage

A

costochondral joint

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9
Q

Which ribs are false & why

A

ribs 8-10
Their costal cartilages unite and join to the 7th ribs cartilage.
Cartilages of rib 7-10 form the costal margin.

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10
Q

Joint between ribs and thoracic vertebrae

A

costovertebral joints

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11
Q

Which ribs are typical

A

3-9 as they have a head, neck, tubercle and body

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12
Q

which part of the rib articulates with the vertebral body

A

Head

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13
Q

where does the tubercle of the ribs articulate the vertebrae

A

transverse process

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14
Q

What is a dermatome

A

An area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

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15
Q

What is the origin of a muscle

A

The site where bone and muscle are attached, but do not move during contraction

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16
Q

what is the insertion of a muscle

A

the site where bone and muscle are attached and move during contraction

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17
Q

origin of pectoralis major

A

Medial third of the clavicle, upper 7 costal cartilages, sternum of up to 6th costal cartilage

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18
Q

insertion of pectoralis major

A

upper humerus

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19
Q

action of pectoralis major contraction

A

adduction and internal rotation of the humerus at the shoulder

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20
Q

origin of pectoralis minor

A

ribs 3-5

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21
Q

insertion of pectoralis minor

A

coracoid process of the scapula

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22
Q

action of pectoralis minor contraction

A

protraction of the scapula

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23
Q

origin of serratus anterior

A

upper 8 ribs

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24
Q

insertion of serratus anterior

A

costal surface of scapula

25
action of serratus anterior contraction
protraction of the scapula
26
Which arteries primarily supply the breasts
Internal thoracic artery (which arises from the subclavian artery) Axillary artery.
27
Where is the Internal thoracic artery and what does it supply.
Arises from the subclavian artery and courses deep to the lateral edge of the sternum. It gives rise to anterior intercostal arteries that supply the breast and the intercostal spaces
28
which types of nerves supply the breast
Somatic sensory fibres innervate the skin of the breast Sympathetic fibres innervate smooth muscle in the blood vessel walls and nipple
29
five groups of lymph nodes in the axilla
central, pectoral, humeral, subscapular, and apical
30
what areas are drained by the lymph nodes in the axilla
breast, upper limb, chest wall, scapular region, and the abdominal wall
31
which node in the axilla receives lymph from all other nodes in the axilla
Apical nodes As they drain most of the lymph from the breast, the axillary lymph nodes are often involved in the spread of breast cancer
32
Orientation of external intercostal muscle fibres.
antero-inferiorly
33
orientation of internal and innermost intercostal muscles
postero-inferiorly
34
where is the end-thoracic facia
deep to the innermost intercostal and superficial to the parietal pleura
35
where does the intercostal neurovascular bundles lie
along the inferior border of the rib superior to the space, in a shallow costal groove on the deep surface of the rib. Smaller collateral branches run in the same tissue plane, but in the lower part of the intercostal space.
36
what gives rise to the anterior intercostal arteries
internal thoracic artery (a branch of the subclavian artery)
37
what gives rise to the posterior intercostal arteries
descending aorta in the posterior thorax
38
where do the intercostal veins drain into
anterior - internal thoracic vein posterior - azygos system of veins
39
what type of nerves are intercostal nerves and what do they innervate
somatic and contain motor and sensory fibres. They innervate the intercostal muscles, the skin of the chest wall and the parietal pleura. Intercostal nerves also carry sympathetic fibres.
40
what is visceral pleura
membrane that covers the surface of the lungs and extends into the fissures
41
what is parietal pleura
membrane that lines the inside of the thorax
42
what is the purpose of the pleural fluid within the pleural cavity
creates surface tension between the parietal and visceral pleura, keeping the lung and thoracic wall ‘together’, so that lung changes volume with thoracic cavity. Prevents the lung from ‘collapsing’ away from the thoracic wall. Lubricates the pleurae
43
Parts of the parietal pleura & what they lie adjacent to
The cervical pleura covers the apex of the lung The costal pleura lies adjacent to the ribs The mediastinal pleura lies adjacent to the heart The diaphragmatic pleura lies adjacent to the diaphragm.
44
what is the costodiaphragmatic recess
a ‘gutter’ around the periphery of the diaphragm, where the costal pleura becomes continuous with the diaphragmatic pleura
45
what is the costomediastinal recess
potential spaces that the lungs expand into during deep inspiration and lies at the junction of the costal and mediastinal pleura
46
which nerves innervate the parietal pleura
intercostal nerves that innervate the overlying skin of the chest wall. the somatic sensory fibres carry sensation to our consciousness
47
which type of nerves innervate the visceral pleura
autonomic sensory nerves (visceral afferents). Sensation from visceral afferents usually does not reach our conscious perception
48
what is the anterior extension which extends over the heart called and on which lung
lingula extension of the superior lobe on the left lung
49
in both lungs, what does the oblique fissure separate
The inferior lobe from the rest of the lung
50
what is the hilum of the lung and what does it consist of
region on the mediastinal surface where the pulmonary artery, 2 pulmonary veins and main bronchus enter and exit the lung
51
describe the positions of the pulmonary artery and main bronchus relative to each other at the hilum for each lung
right - main bronchus lies anterior to the pulmonary artery left - main bronchus lies inferior to the pulmonary artery For both, the two pulmonary veins are usually the most anterior and inferior vessels.
52
Where does the trachea bifurcate and what does it give rise to
at the level of the sternal angle, giving rise to the left and right main bronchi
53
which bronchus is more likely to contain a foreign body or infection and why
right main as it's shorter, wider and descends more vertically
54
what is the bronchial tree
branching system of tubes that conduct air into and out of the lungs
55
describe the bronchial tree
* Each main bronchus divides into lobar bronchi; three in the right lung and two in the left lung (i.e. one lobar bronchus for each lobe). * Each lobar bronchus divides to give rise to segmental bronchi. There are ten segmental bronchi in each lung. * Each segmental bronchus supplies a functionally independent region of the lung called a bronchopulmonary segment; there are ten segments in each lung. Because they are supplied by their own segmental bronchus and blood vessels, a segment may be resected (surgically removed) without affecting the rest of the lung. * Segmental bronchi within each bronchopulmonary segment continue to divide into bronchioles. Bronchioles become smaller with each division. * The very smallest bronchioles conduct air to and from the alveoli - the site of gas exchange within the lung.
56
name the structures in the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
the trachea and bronchi contain both cartilage and smooth muscle bronchioles ony contain smooth muscle smooth muscle is under autonomic control
57
vessels which supply the lungs and where do they arise from
Bronchial arteries from the descending aorta
58
how does the blood supplying the lungs return to the heart
via the bronchial veins which return blood to the azygos system of veins

Phase 1 Anatomy (4 decks)

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