Cardiovascular Flashcards
Coronary Perfusion Pressure normal range
60-80mmHg
Coronary blood flow remains constant when MAP is between…
60-140 (MAP)
- Middle layer of the heart muscle and 2. Muscle type
Myocardium; cardiac muscle
- Innermost layer of the heart and 2. Muscle type
Endocardium; smooth muscle
Fluid filled sac around heart
Pericardium
Cardiac tamponade is an extreme/potentially fatal presentation of…
Pericardial effusion
Coronary arteries stem from where?
First branch off the aorta, closest to the aortic valve
AtrioVentricular valves (in order)
TRI-cuspid before you BI-cuspid (Mitral)
What is happening when you hear S1, lub?
AV valves closing
AV valves close during…
Systole
What is happening when you hear S2, dub?
Semilunar valves closing
What are the semilunar valves?
Pulmonic and Aortic
Semilunar valves close during…
Diastole
VO2 refers to…
The actual volume of O2 in mL consumed per minute
Gold standard measurement of cardio fitness in athletes?
VO2 max
Coronary perfusion primarily occurs during what phase of the heart cycle?
Diastole
What artery is commonly referred to as the “widow maker?”
Left Coronary Artery (LCA) or Left main artery
What is the dominant supply of the AV node in 90% of the population?
RCA, right coronary artery
What is the intrinsic rate of the Purkinje fibers?
20-40 bpm
What is the intrinsic rate of the AV node?
40-60 bpm
What is the intrinsic rate of the SA node?
60-100 bpm
Autonomic nervous system consists of…
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Sympathetic NS: Neuro and chemical receptors called “__________” receptors which are stimulated by chemical messengers known as “______________”
Adrenergic; catecholamines
2 catecholamines in the Sympathetic NS
ADRENALine/epinephrine (hormone); NORepinephrine (primarily a NEUROtransmitter released in the brain but also released by adrenal* gland)
3 types of adrenergic receptors:
Alpha, Beta I, Beta II
Where are alpha receptors located?
Primarily on the vessels
Sympathomimetic drugs (5) that stimulate alpha receptors (vasoconstriction)
Phenylephrine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine GREATER than 10mcg/kg/min, angiotensin II (synthetic)
Beta I receptors are located primarily…
In the heart (you have 1 heart)
Sympathomimetic drugs (3) that stimulate beta I receptors: (inotropic)
Epinephrine, DOPamine LESS than 10mcg/kg/min, DOButamine
Beta II receptors are located where?
Bronchial and vascular smooth muscle (2 lungs)
Beta II stimulants (4) that produce __________ and ________….
Bronchodilation; vasodilation; Epinephrine, dobutamine, albuterol, isoproterenol
Parasympathetic system is controlled by what nerve?
Vagus nerve, cranial nerve 10
What node in the heart does the vagus nerve innervate?
SA node
What neurotransmitter activates the vagus nerve/parasympathetic system?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
5 ways to stimulate the vagal response:
Gagging, holding breath, bearing down, immersing face in ice water, carotid sinus massage
Anticholinergic (drug) means…
Inhibiting the parasympathetic system, vagolytic
This anticholinergic drug treats what?
Atropine; symptomatic BRADYCARDIA
How much atropine is given during ACLS?
0.5mg IVP
Pressure =
Flow X resistance
BP =
CO X Systemic Vascular Resistance