Cardiovascular Flashcards
First functional organ in vertebrate embryos
Heart
When does the heart start to beat spontaneously?
Week 4 of development
Defect in left-right dynein can lead to
Dextrocardia
Dextrocardia is seen in
Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia)
Which foramen maintains right-to-left shunt?
Foramen secundum
The remainder of foramen secundum becomes
Foramen ovale
Increased LA pressure and decreased RA pressure soon after birth results in
Sealing of foramen ovale
Septum secundum and septum primum fuse during infancy/early childhood, forming
Atrial septum
Failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth results in
Patent foramen ovale
Patent foramen ovale (and ASD) can lead to
Paradoxical emboli
Most common congenital cardiac anomaly
Ventricular septal defect
Ventricular septal defect usually occurs in
Membranous septum
Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of neural crest cells to migrate can cause
Transposition of great vessels, tetralogy of fallot and/or persistent truncus arteriosus
Aortic and pulmonary valves are derived from
Endocardial cushions of the outflow tract
Mitral and tricuspid valves are derived from
Fused endocardiacl cushions of the AV canal
The truncus arteriosus gives rise to
Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
The bulbus cordis gives rise to
Outflow tracts of ventricles
The primitive ventricles (and atria) become
Trabeculated parts of ventricles (and atria)
The left horn of sinus venosus becomes
Coronary sinus
The right horn of sinus venosus becomes
Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
The right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal veins become
Superior vena cava
The posterior, subcardinal and supracardinal veins become
Inferior vena cava
The primitive pulmonary veins become
Smooth part of left atrium
Blood in the umbilical vein has a PO2 of
30 mmHg
SpO2 of blood in umbilical vein
80% (Umbilical arteries have low O2 saturation)
