Cardiovascular Flashcards
S1 caused by
Closure of AV valves
What are the AV valves
mitral and tricuspid
Where is S1 loudest?
Apex
Apex anatomical landmark
Midclavicular, 5th ICS
S1 marks beginning of
systole
S2 caused by
closure of semilunar valves
what are the semilunar valves
aortic and pulmonic valves
S2 is loudest at
base of the heart
Base anatomical landmark
right sternal border, 2nd ICS
Splitting of S2 is caused by?
Right bundle branch block
What is S2 louder with?
Pulmonary embolism
S3 is associated with what diagonsis?
Heart failure
S3 is caused by
Pulmonary HTN
Cor pulmonale
Mitral, aortic, and tricuspid insufficiency
Why is S4 not heard in the presences of a-fib?
No atrial contraction
S4 is associated with
aortic stenosis
MI
HTN
How to determine pulse pressure
systolic - diastolic = pulse pressure
Normal pulse pressure
40-60
Systolic BP is a measurement of
cardiac output
stroke volume
Narrow pulse pressure indicates
hypovolemia
drop in cardiac output
cardiogenic shock
cardiac tamponade
Diastolic BP is a measurement of
systemic vascular resistance
what are perfused during diastole
coronary arteries
widened pulse pressure indicates
vasodilation
sepsis
septic shock
systolic murmurs occur when
valve is open
Diastolic murmurs occur when
valve is closed
insufficiency is caused by the valve’s inability to
close completely
stenosis is caused by
calcification of the valve
Systolic murmurs- semilunar valves are
open
systolic murmur- AV valves are
closed
diastolic murmur- semilunar valves are
closed
diastolic murmur- AV valves are
open
Unstable Angina S/S
CP at rest unpredictable relieved with NTG Trop Neg ST depression or T-wave inversion
Variant/Prinzmetal Angina is due to
coronary artery spasm
Variant/Prinzmetal Angina precipitated by
nicotine
alcohol
cocaine
Variant/Prinzemtal angina EKG
transient ST elevation
NSTEMI S/S
Troponin Positive
ST depression or T wave inversion
Unrelenting chest pain
Inferior MI Lead with ST elevation
II, III, aVF
Anteroseptal Lead with ST elevation
V1 and V2
Anterior Lead with ST elevation
V1-V4
Inferior MI artery involved
Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
Anteroseptal MI artery invovled
Left anterior descending
Anterior MI artery invovled
left anterior descending
Low lateral MI leads with ST elevation
V5 and V6
Low lateral MI artery involved
cicumflex
High lateral MI Leads
I and aVL
High Lateral MI artery involved
circumflex
Posterior MI leads
V1 and V2 Depression
- no elevation
Posterior MI artery
Right coronary artery
Right ventricular MI Leads
V3R and V4R
Right ventricular MI artery
Right Coronary Artery
