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Perfusion > cardiovascular > Flashcards

cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

when the heart becomes an inefficient pump and is unable to meet the body’s demands

A

heart failure

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2
Q

when the blood is oxygenated when it passes through the lungs, but is not well circulated to the organs and tissues

A

heart failure

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3
Q

what leads to systemic and pulmonary edema, which further impairs gas exchange

A

impaired circulation - heart failure

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4
Q

a heart muscle disorder that results in heart enlargement and impaired cardiac cantractility

A

cardiomyopathy

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5
Q

what occurs when the oxygen requirements are unmet

A

cardiac ischemia

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6
Q

what does prolonged ischemia lead too

A

MI

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7
Q

plaque builds up inside the arteries reducing the blood flow to the heart muscle

A

coronary heart disease

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8
Q

what are alterations in heart rhythms

A

dysthymia

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9
Q

what is caused by dysthymia

A

lower cardiac output and decrease tissue oxygenation

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10
Q

what creates turbulent flow in the heart

A

heart valve abnormalities

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11
Q

what does heart valve abnormalities lead to

A

decrease in cardiac output ans compromised tissue oxygenation

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12
Q

what valves are most commonly affected with heart valve abnormalities

A

mitral and aortic

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13
Q

heart normally have a audible what

A

murmer

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14
Q

impaired blood flow to and from organs and tissues

A

peripheral vascular abnormalities

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15
Q

disrupt flow of oxygenated blood to tissues

A

arterial abnormalities

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16
Q

s/s of a arterial abnormality

A

pallor, pain, weak or absent pulse, poor capillary refill, cool skin, and tissue dysfunction

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17
Q

disrupt blood return to the heart

A

venous abnormalities

18
Q

s/s of venous abnormalities

A

edema, brown skin discoloration, and tissue dysfunction example: Stasis ulcers

19
Q

when the blood is unable to carry adequate amounts of oxygen

A

hypoxia

20
Q

abnormally low level of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or both

A

anemia

21
Q

what happens when carbon monoxide is inhaled

A

co2 binds tightly to hemoglobin at the oxygen receptor sites making it impossible to carry oxygen

22
Q

what are the test of blood oxygenation

A

pulse oximetry, capnography, arterial blood gases

23
Q

what is the primary assessment of a person experiencing chest pain

A

assessment of the chest pain

24
Q

what is a electrocardiogram

A

(ECG)- rendering of the electrical activity of the heart- it illustrates electrical activity but not mechanical activity

25
Q

what is the purposes of cardiac monitoring

A

identify the patients baseline rhythm and rate, recognize significant changes, recognize lethal dysrhythmias that require immediate intervention

26
Q

what is the p wave

A

represents the firing of the SA node and conduction of the impulse through the atria.

27
Q

what is the QRS complex

A

represents ventricular depolarization and leads to ventricular contraction

28
Q

what is the T wave

A

the return of the ventricles to an electrical resting state so they can be stimulated again

29
Q

what intervention can reduce the risk pf clot formation in the legs

A

frequent position changes

30
Q

right sided heart failure

A

right ventricle doesn’t pump sufficient amount of blood for lungs to oxygenate and blood backs up into the peripheral veins

31
Q

left sided heart failure

A

left ventricle doesn’t pump sufficient amounts of pump to body organs and tissues

32
Q

what does primary cardiomyopathy occur from

A

genetic or non cardiovascular causes

33
Q

what does secondary cardiomyopathy occur form

A

results from another cardiovascular disease

34
Q

what is angina pectoris

A

transient chest pain due to myocardial ischemia - tissue becomes injured but does not die

35
Q

what occurs during valve stenosis

A

the valve narrows

36
Q

what occurs during valve incompetence

A

the valve fails to close tightly

37
Q

environmental factors that influence circulation and perfusion

A

stress, allergic reactions, heat and cold, altitude

38
Q

lifestyle factors that influence circulation and perfusion

A

pregnancy, obesity, exercise, tobacco use, substance abuse, nutrition

39
Q

developmental factors that affect circulation and perfusion for preschool and school age

A

growth, diet, and obesity, some older children begin habits of tobacco use

40
Q

developmental factors that affect circulation and perfusion for adolescents

A

substance abuse, diet, and obesity - although they are at risk for cardiovascular disease, some athletes can be at risk for collapse from cardiac dysrhythmias

41
Q

developmental factors that affect circulation and perfusion for adults

A

lifestyle, stress, heredity, diet, exercise, obesity, tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle

42
Q

developmental factors that affect circulation and perfusion for older adults

A

lower exercise tolerance, prone to orthostatic hypotension, decreased myocardial strength, thicker and more rigid valves

Perfusion (2 decks)

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