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Botmed > Cardiovasc Sys > Flashcards

Cardiovasc Sys Flashcards

1
Q

What do the following actions do?:
A. Angio-activator
B. Circulatory depressant
C. CV activities: inotropic, chronotropic, dromotropic

A

A. Improves blood and or lymph flow
B. Alkaloids inhibit activation of Na ion chanels in excitable cardiac cells-> decreases activity and hypotension (Veratrum viride)
C. +increase , - decrease
a. contractility: (cardiac glycosides, C. Oxycanthus), (beta blocker)
b. cardiac rate frequency: ->sympathomimetic (Ephedrine), (C.glycosides)
c. flow rate: (caffeine),(C.glycosides)

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2
Q

Hyperlipidemia/ Hypercholesterolemia actions:
A. Primary (3)
B. Secondary (5)

A

A. Cardiotonic, hypolipidemia, nutritive heart

B. Anti-inflam, anti-spasmodic, hypotensive, vascular tonic, vasodilator

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3
Q

Cardio active plants owe their effects on Heart to which compound? Which ones contained in the following plants families:
A. Apocynaceae
B. Ranunculacea
C. Digitalis

A

Cardiac glycosides: stimulate Vagus N-> AV node delay-> decrease HR
A. Cardenoldies
B. Bufanolides
C. Scrophulariacea

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4
Q

Hyperlipidemia/ Hypercholesterolemia botanicals
A. Primary (5)
B. Secondary (4+2)

A

A. Capsicum frutescens, Commiphora mukul, Curcuma longa, Olea europae, Trigonella foenum-gracum
B. Achillea millefolium, Ginkgo biloba, Cratagus oxycanthus, Allium sativum, Tilia cordata

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5
Q

Hyperlipidemia/cholesterolemia Risk by Framingham Risk Score:
A. High: >=20% (6); B. Intermediate: 10-19%; C.Low: Health behaviour modification (HBM) Statin therapy
D. Others: 5-9% -> Optional secondary test -> HBM Statin/ No Statin
HBM no Statin therapy

A

A. -Clinical vasc dz. -Ab Aortic aneurysm. -High risk HTN
-Diabetes: age>=40 or > 15yrs duration +age >=30
-microvasc dz. -Chronic KD dz
B. None above + LDL>= 3.5 mmol/L; if=1.2g/L or non HDL-C>=4.3
C. LDL >=5; D. LDL

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6
Q

Define: A. Arteriosclerosis
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Peripheral Arterial Dz

A

A. Arterial wall becomes thickened andloses elasticity
B. Patchy subintimal thickening (atheroma) of medium and large arteries-> assoc w high BP, weak pulse, hyperlipidemia
C. Occlusion of blood to extremities by B plaques-> pain onset upon exertion, (leg cramp) intermittent claudication-> resolution of pain at rest (w/in 2-5mins); is reproducible in same mm group
-most common: distal supf femoral a (calf, gastroc. mm)

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7
Q

Peripheral Arterial Dz’s Actions: (similar for Atherosclerosis)
A. 1o (4+1) B. 2o (4+2)

A

A. Anti-spasmodic, cardiotonic, vasc tonic, vasodilator (peri), hypolipidemic
B. Circ stimulant, diuretic, hypotensive, nervine, anti-inflam, Ht nutritive

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8
Q

Peripheral Arterial Dz’s Botanicals: (similar for Atherosclerosis)
A. 1o (3+5 of hyplip.) B. 2o (2+2)

A

A. -Crataegus oxycanthus, Zanthoxylum americanum, Gingko biloba
-Capsicum spp., Commiphora mukul, Curcuma longa, Olea europae, Trigonella foenum-gracum
B. Achillea millefolium, Tilia cordata, Virburnum opulus, Allium sativum

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9
Q

A. Define Hemorrhoids, its signs and sxs (3)

B. Define its assoc cond of Varicose vein

A

A. Swollen, inflam. veins in anus (external);lower rectum (internal)
-itching, burning, irritation w passage of stool
-seepage of mucous, blood on toilet paper or in bowl
-swelling of anus and perianal region; protrusion
B. Elongated, dilated, often tortuous vv in lower extremities
Maybe asxs or assoc w fatigue (abnormal fatigue in legs), aching discomfort, feeling of heaviness or pain

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10
Q

Hemorrhoids’ actions:
A. 1o (4). B. 2o (5)
Other to consider (5)

A

A. Anti-inflam, astringent, vasc tonic, vulnerary
B. Alterative, Lymph/Circ stimulant, demulcent (int/ topical), emollient
-Bitter, carminative, digestive tonic, hepatics, laxative

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11
Q

Hemorrhoids’ botanicals:

A. 1o (4+4). B. 2o (4C+2). C. Other to consider (5)

A

A. Aesculus hippocastanum, Hamamelis virginiana, Rucus aculeatus, Vaccinium myrtillus,
Achillea millefolium, Capsicum spp, Gingko biloba, Zanthoxylum americanum
B. Crataegus oxycanthus, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Collinsonia canadensis, Centella asiatica, Quercus Alba, Symphytum off
C. Althea, Zingiber, Glycyrrhiza, Taraxacum, Tilia

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12
Q

Varicose veins’ Actions (6) and Botanicals (5)

Lotion for external use (3)

A
  • Vasc tonics, Circ stimulant, astringent, anti-inflam, emollients, demulcent
  • Crataegus spp, Zanthoxylum americanum, Ginkgo biloba, Achillea millefolium, Aesculus hippocastanum (seed use, saponin glycoside aescin inhibit activity of lysosomal enz-> weakening vessel wall and increase permeability)
  • Hamamelis Virginiana (80ml distilled), Aesculus (10mL tincture), Symphytum off (10mL tincture) in flower water
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13
Q

CAPSICUM SPP: (3,3)
-CI w ulcer, inflam St
Cx: a. ACE inhibitors b. Theophylline, acetaminophen

A
  • Pain relief, Circ deficiency, lower TC, TG, LDL:HDL
  • Stimulant (general), Circ tonic, antimicro
    a. Exacerbate cough b. Increase absorption and bioavailability
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14
Q

COMMIPHORA MUKUL (Gulgul) relative to Myrrh (resins, sterol)
(2,3)
-CI: IBD, Preg (C), Lac (SD)

A
  • Hyperlipidemia, hypothyroidism
  • Hypolipidemic, hypoglycemic, antiox

AE: GI irritation, HA, whole plant -rash (resolve w plant d/c)

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15
Q

CURCUMA LONGA: (Tumeric) -EO (3, a4+3)
-CI: Biliary tract obstruction, gallstones
Preg (A), Lac (C)

A
  • Hyperlipidemia, arthritis, inflam

- anti-inflam, platelet, ox, micro; hypolipidemic, choleretic, carminative

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16
Q

OLEA EUROPAEA: (Olive tree) A. fruit-fatty oil (2,6)
B.leaf-glycosides (4,1+a2)
-CI: A. with gallstones
-Cx: A. w anti-platelet,-coagulant agents, B. W hypoglycemic drug

A

A. -Hyperlipidemia, constipation
-hypolipid, hypoT, cardioprotectv, cholalogue, nutritive, mild laxative
B. -micro infxn, HTN mild-mod, hyperglycemia, decrease LDL ox.
-hypotensive, anti-ox, micro
-A. GI irritant, B. Additive

17
Q

TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRACUM: (fenugreek) (5,6)

  • Flavonoids, saponins (Cx)
  • CI: px w known spice allergy, Preg (B3), Lac (C)
A
  • Dyspepsia, DM, stimulate lactation, IBD, Hyperlipidemia
  • Hypoglycemic, hypolipid, demulcent, nutritive, galatogogue, antiox

Cx: low thyroid activity, inb Fe absorption

18
Q

ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM: (Yarrow) Ariel, vulnerary prob (4,3+a2+3)

  • Tannins, VO, flavonoids
  • Preg (B3), Lac (CC)
A
  • Fever, HTN, hepatic congestion, Hemorrhoids

- Alterative, vulnerary, astringent, anti-micro, inflam, vasc tonic, diaphoretic, diuretic

19
Q

CRATAEGUS OXYCANTHUS: (hawthorn) berry (1, 7+2a+1)

  • Flavonoids (higher in flor), procyanidins (fol), no c.glycosides
  • Preg (B1), Lac (C)
A
  • Any Cv cond
  • Cardio tonic and protective, Vasc tonic, vasodilation, Ht nutritive, hypoT, positive inotropic, anti-arrhythmic, ox, inflam, diuretic
20
Q

AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM: (Horse chestnut) seeds (3, 3+a2)
-Saponins (coumarin like cmpd), flavonoids, tannins
-CI: do not apply to broken/ ulcerated skin
Toxicity: m/c w IV -hemolysis w KD damage
-Preg (B3), Lac (CC)

A
  • Hemorrhoids, varicose vv, thrombophlebitis
  • Astringent, venotonic, vasoprotective, anti-ox, inflam

(May interact w anticoagulant meds)

21
Q

GINKGO BILOBA: need to be use >=6-8wks for benefit, highest [] in yellow fall leaves (3, a3+3)
-CI: known sensitivity, Preg (B1), Lac (ND)

A
  • Peri VD, increase clot formation, erectile dysfunc

- Anti-ox, platelet activating factor, inflam; Circ stimulant and tonic, vasodilator

22
Q

Z(X)ANTHOXYLUM AMERICANUM: (northern prickly ash) similar but more peri compared to capsicum (3, 5)

  • Alkaloids, maybe coumarins, tannins
  • Preg (B2), Lac (C)
A
  • Venous insufficiency, skin conds of deficiency/ poor peri circ, OA
  • Circ tonic/stimulant, alterative, diaphoretic, sialogogue
23
Q

HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA: (witch hazel) more topical use (3,3)

-tannins, flavonoids

A
  • Hemorrhoids, varicose vv, bleeding conds

- Anti inflam, astringent, styptic

24
Q

RUCUS ACULEATUS: (Butcher’s broom) leaf, rootstock, improve venous flow (3,3)

  • Saponins (irritate Gastric membrane, long-> diarrhea)
  • CI: broken/ ulcerated skin, Preg (B1), Lac (C)
A
  • Chronic venous insufficiency, varicose vv, Hemorrhoids

- Anti inflam, vasoconstrictor, vasotonic

25
Q

VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS: (Biberry) fruit (2, a2+2)

  • Anthocyanidins, tannins
  • Preg (A), Lac (C)
A
  • Retinopathy, other vasc cond

- Anti-ox, inflam; vasc tonic, protective

Botmed (1 decks)

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