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Anaphy - Cardio System > Cardiovacular System > Flashcards

Cardiovacular System Flashcards

1
Q

hollow, muscular organ located in the center of the thorax, where it occupies the space between the lungs

A

Heart

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2
Q

weight of the heart

A

300g

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3
Q

It pumps oxygenated blood to cell & tissues

A

Heart

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4
Q

Outermost layer of the heart

A

Epicardium

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5
Q

two layers of the epicardium

A

Visceral/inner serous and Parietal/outer fibrous

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6
Q

How much fluid is in the pericardial sac

A

10-20ml

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7
Q

It prevents friction between visceral and parietal pericardium

A

Pericardial fluid

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8
Q

Inflammation of pericardium

A

Pericarditis

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9
Q

Cardiac muscle or middle layer which is made up of muscle fibers

A

Myocardium

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10
Q

Inner layer which consists of endothelial tissues and lines the inside of the heart and valves

A

Endocardium

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11
Q

Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and ejects blood into the systemic arterial circulation via the aorta

A

Left ventricle

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12
Q

Responsible for the apex beat or Point of maximal impulse

A

Left ventricle

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13
Q

PMI normally palpable

A

5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line

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14
Q

Right atrium normally palpable

A

4th intercostal space, right midclavicular line

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15
Q

Refers to the Contraction of the heart

A

Systole

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16
Q

Refers to the Relaxation of the heart

A

Diastole

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17
Q

The chambers of the heart become smaller as the blood is ejected

A

Systole

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18
Q

The heart chambers fill with blood in preparation for the subsequent ejection

A

Diastole

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19
Q

Separate the atria from the ventricles

A

Atrioventricular Valve/AV Valve

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20
Q

A valve Located between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

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21
Q

A valve Located between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

Bicuspid valve/Mitral valve

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22
Q

5 areas for listening to the heart

A

Aortic
Pulmonic
Erb’s Point
Tricuspid
Mitral

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23
Q

Location of aortic in the areas for listening the heart

A

Right 2nd intercostal space

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24
Q

Location of pulmonic in the areas for listening the heart

A

Left end intercostal

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25
Q

location of Erb’s point in areas for listening the heart

A

Left 3rd intercostal space

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26
Q

Location of tricuspid in areas for listening the heart

A

Lower left sternal border 4th intercostal

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27
Q

Location of mitral in areas for listening the heart

A

Left 5th intercostal, medial to midclavicular line

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28
Q

these valves open during ventricular systole, and they close during ventricular diastole

A

Semilunar valves

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29
Q

Lies between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonic valve

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30
Q

Lies between the left ventricle and the aorta

A

Aortic valve

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31
Q

Vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle

A

Coronary Arteries

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32
Q

Vessels that originate from the aorta

A

Coronary arteries

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33
Q

Two main coronary arteries

A

Left coronary artery
Right coronary artery

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34
Q

divides into two branches, the LCCA and LADA

A

Left coronary artery

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35
Q

The two branches of left coronary artery

A

Left circumflex coronary artery
Left anterior descending artery

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36
Q

it supplies the left atrium and posterior lateral surface of the left ventricle

A

left circumflex coronary artery

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37
Q

it supplies the anterior wall of the left ventricle and apex of the heart

A

left anterior descending artery

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38
Q

it supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, a portion of the septum, SA node, AV node and inferior portion of the left ventricle

A

right coronary artery

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39
Q

Generates and transmits electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of the myocardium

A

Conduction system

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40
Q

Pacemaker of the heart

A

Sinoatrial Node/SA Node

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41
Q

A node located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium

A

SA Node

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42
Q

It’s where the conduction system begins

A

SA node

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43
Q

Contraction of the atrium

A

atrial depolarization

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44
Q

A node located in the right atrial wall near the tricuspid valve

A

AV node

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45
Q

A node that slightly delay the transmission of the electrical impulses to allow for complete atrial contraction/depolarization

A

AV node

46
Q

A bundle of specialized muscle fibers that travel in the septum separating the left and right ventricles

A

Bundle of His

47
Q

Composed of specialized cells to rapidly conduct the impulses through the thick walls of the ventricles

A

Purkinje fibers

48
Q

The point which the myocardial cells are stimulated causing ventricular contraction

A

Purkinje fibers

49
Q

Reponsible for complete ventricular contraction/ventricular depolarization

A

Purkinje fibers

50
Q

In the conduction system, it is the start of ventricular depolarization or contraction of the ventricles

A

Bundle of his

51
Q

Duration of P wave

A

0.04-0.11 sec

52
Q

Duration of PR Interval

A

0.12-0.20 seconds

53
Q

Duration of QRS

A

0.05-0.10 seconds

54
Q

A part of ECG that represents plateau phase and gap between ventricular depolarization & ventricular depolarization

A

ST segment

55
Q

A part of the ECG that represents repolarization of ventricles

A

T wave

56
Q

A part of the ECG that represents complete ventricular repolarization

A

U wave

57
Q

A branch that carry electricity through right ventricle

A

Right bundle branch

58
Q

A branch that carries electricity through left ventricle

A

Left bundle branch

59
Q

Represents Contraction and emptying of the atria and ventricles

A

Systole

60
Q

Represents Relaxation and filling of the atria and the ventricles

A

Diastole

61
Q

P interval/wave represents

A

atrial depolarization

62
Q

Abnormal ECG of hyperkalemia

A

Prolonged PR Interval
Tall T wave
Elevated ST segment
Wide QRS complex
Wide P wave

63
Q

QRS complex represents

A

Ventricular depolarization

64
Q

Abnormal ECG of hypokalemia

A

Pathologic U wave
Inverted T wave
Short PR interval
Depressed ST segment

65
Q

Abnormal ECG that indicates Hypocalcemia

A

Short QRS

66
Q

Initial signs of Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia

A

Weakness

67
Q

It refers to the volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle into the aorta per minute

A

Cardiac output

68
Q

Normal/Average cardiac output

A

5L/5000ml

69
Q

cardiac output equation

A

Stroke Volume x Heart Rate

70
Q

It refers to the Amount of blood ejected by the Left ventricle into the aorta per beat

A

Stroke volume

71
Q

Three factor under stroke volume

A

Preload
Contractility
Afterload

72
Q

average stroke volume

A

70ml

73
Q

Degree of myocardial fiber stretch before contraction

A

Preload

74
Q

Related to the volume of blood distending the ventricles at the end of diastole

A

Preload

75
Q

The greater myocardial fiber stretches within physiologic limits, the more forceful the ventricular contraction, thereby increasing stroke volume

A

Frank-Starling Law

76
Q

The ability of the heart muscle to contract and thereby pump blood

A

Contractility/Inotrophic state

77
Q

Drug that increases the strength and regularity of the heartbeat.

A

Digoxin/Digitalis

78
Q

Lower than 60 HR results to

A

Rebound bradychardia

79
Q

Higher than 120 HR results to

A

rebound tachycardia

80
Q

Refers to the amount of pressure that the heart needs to exert to eject the blood during ventricular contraction

A

Afterload

81
Q

neck vein distention is due to

A

Venous congestion

82
Q

Other term for neck vein distention

A

Jugular vein distention

83
Q

Position for assessing JVD

A

Supine

84
Q

In assessing JVD, elevate head of bed at what angle

A

30-45 angle

85
Q

A visual bulging of the jugular veins in the neck that can be caused by fluid overload, pressure in the chest, cardiac tamponade, or tension pneumothorax.

A

jugular vein distention (JVD)

86
Q

JVD may indicate

A

Cardiomegaly, particularly right sided congestive heart failure

87
Q

If the PMI is below the 5th ICS and left of the midclavicular line, it indicates

A

CARDIOMEGALY, CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

88
Q

Produced by asynchronous closure of the mitral and tricuspid valve

A

Lub/S1 sound

89
Q

Signals the onset of ventricular systole

A

Lub/S1 sound

90
Q

Produced by asynchronous closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

A

Dub/S2 sound

91
Q

It signals the onset of ventricular diastole

A

Dub/S2 sound

92
Q

Is a faint, low pitched sound produced by rapid ventricular filling in early diastole

A

S3 sound

93
Q

A sound that is Normal in children and in young adults

A

S3 sound

94
Q

A sound that Indicates CHF in older adults

A

S3 sound

95
Q

Is a low frequency sound which is present in CHF

A

S4 sound

96
Q

Sound that is abnormal in all ages

A

S4 sound

97
Q

The 1st and 2nd heart sounds are best heard with the___________ of the stethoscope

A

Diaphragm

98
Q

Extra heart sounds are heard best with the _____________ of the stethoscope

A

Bell

99
Q

Use the diaphragm of the stethoscope when auscultating the _______ area

A

Apical

100
Q

position when auscultating the extra heart sounds

A

Sitting upright leaning forward

101
Q

Monitors the pressure within the right atrium

A

Central venous pressure

102
Q

3 sites of catheter insertion

A

Subclavian vein
Internal jugular vein
Femoral vein

103
Q

Normal reading of superior vena cava in CVP

A

5-12cm H2O

104
Q

Normal reading of right atrium in CVP

A

0-10cm H2O

105
Q

where should we place the O level of the water manometer in CVP

A

4th intercostal space, Right Midclavicular line

106
Q

Position of the client during initial reading of CVP

A

Supine

107
Q

Why do we need to position the client in supine during the initial reading of CVP

A

To be able to find the exact place of the right atrium

108
Q

Increase CVP =

A

Fluid volume excess

109
Q

Decrease CVP =

A

Fluid volume deficit

110
Q

Process of blood circulation

A

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava -> Right Atrium -> Tricuspid Valve -> Right Ventricle -> Pulmonic Valve -> Pulmonary Artery -> Lungs -> Pulmonary vein -> Left atrium -> Bicuspid Valve/Mitral Valve -> Left ventricle -> Aortic valve -> Aorta -> Different parts of the body

111
Q

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs then empties to the left ventricle

A

Left atrium

112
Q

Antidote for digoxin

A

Digibind

Anaphy - Cardio System (1 decks)

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