Cardiothoracic surgery Flashcards
Causes of Aortic stenosis?
Degenerative calcification Bicuspid aortic valve Williams syndrome Post-rheumatic disease HOCM
Clinical features of aortic stenosis?
Chest pain
SOB
Syncope
Ejection systolic murmur (ESM)
Murmur of aortic stenosis?
ESM
Radiates to carotids
Decreased following Valsalva
Management of aortic stenosis
Asymp = observe Symp = valve replacement
Causes of Mitral regurgitation?
Post-MI / post-CAD Mitral valve prolapse Infective-endoC Rheumatic fever Collagen disorders (Marf & Ehlers Dan)
Features of Mitral regurgitation
Typically asymptomatic - or with vague symptoms
Pansystolic murmur
Small cell paraneoplastic syndromes
ADH - Hyponatraemia 2ndry to water retention
ACTH
Lambert eaton syndrome
Features of ACTH
SCLC paraneoplastic
Hypertension
Hyperglycaemia
Hypokalaemia
Muscle weakness
Features of Lambert eaton syndrome
Limb weakness is main one
Gets better with usage
Paraneoplastic syndrome for Squamous cell LC
PTH-rp related hypercalcaemia
Clubbing
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy (HPOA)
Paraneoplastic feature of Adenocarcinoma of the lungs?
Gynaecomastia
HPOA
Causes of HOCM?
Autosomal dominant (often de novo though)
Associations with Friedrich’s ataxia & Wolff parkinson white syndrome
Examination findings for HOCM?
Jerky pulse
Double apex beat
Ejection systolic murmur (AS + MR)
ECHO findings for HOCM?
MR SAM ASH
Mitral Regurgitation
Systolic anterior motion of Anterior mitral valve leafglet
Asymmetric hypertrophy (left?)
ECG for HOCM?
Deep Q waves
+/- T wave inversion
+/- AF
