cardiorespiratory system Flashcards
functions of the cardiovascular system
circulate blood
transport oxygen, water and nutrients to cells
maintain body temperature
fight disease (white blood cells)
systemic circulation
blood circulation to body
pulmonary circulation
blood circulation to lungs
systolic blood pressure
pressure in artery walls when heart contracts
diastolic blood pressure
pressure in artery walls when heart relaxes
thermoregulation
the maintenance of core body temperature within a narrow range
homeostasis
a constant internal environment for optimal functioning of the body and its systems
vasoconstriction
blood vessels constricting to reduce heat loss, moving blood towards inner organs
vasodilation
blood vessels dilating to increase heat loss, moving blood towards skin
hypothermia
body temperature lower than 35 degrees celcius
hyperthermia
body temperature higher than 37.5-38.3 degrees celcius
acute response
immediate short-term response, lasting only the duration of activity + recovery
cardiovascular acute responses to physical activity
increased stroke volume
increased heart rate
increased cardiac output
increased systolic blood pressure
increased blood flow and vessel diameter
blood flow retribution
decreased blood volume
increased arteriovenous oxygen difference
stroke volume (SV)
ml of blood pumped out of the heart in a beat
heart rate (HR)
number of times the heart beats in a minute
cardiac output (Q)
ml of blood pumped out of the heart in a minute
function of the respiratory system
brings air into lungs
transfer oxygen into blood, removes carbon dioxide from blood
expels heat and water vapor (waste products)
allow vocal cords to create speech
pleura
protective membrane that wraps covers the lung
alveoli
microscopic cup shaped sacs
1 cell thick walls to allow gas exchange through diffusion
surrounded by capillaries
diaphragm
involuntary muscle, helps lungs in breathing
ventilation (V)
amount of air inspired and expired in 1 minute
TVxRR=V
tidal volume (TV)
amount of air inspired and expired in 1 breath
plateaus at high intensity exercise
respiratory rate (RR)
amount of breaths per minute
inspiration
air breathed in
expiration
air breathed out
vital capacity
maximum amount of air that can be expired after max inspiration
residual volume
air left in lungs after max expiration
inspiratory reserve capacity
max extra inspired air after normal inspiration
expiratory reserve capacity
max air expired after normal expiration
VO2 max
max amount of O2 per min that can be taken in, transported to and used by muscles to produce ATP
reflects aerobic power, measures efficiency of cardiorespiratory and muscular systems during exercise
respiratory system acute responses to physical activity
increased ventilation, tidal volume, respiratory rate
increased diffusion
increased oxygen uptake
increased efforts from intercostal muscles and diaphragm
