CardioResp Flashcards
This question which answer is correct Explain this A 45-year-old heavy smoker man, admitted with severe central chest pain on minimal exertion before 14 hours. Which statement regarding management is not correct?
A LMW heparin is appropriate.
B Chewed aspirin is beneficial.
C Oral metoprolol is indicated.
D IV thrombolytic therapy is life-saving.
D
Thrombolytic therapy is most effective when administered within the first 12 hours of symptom onset. After 14 hours, the benefit of thrombolytics diminishes significantly, and the risk of complications increases. Therefore, administering IV thrombolytic therapy 14 hours after the onset of symptoms is generally not considered beneficial
Asthma is characterized by all the following EXCEPT:
A Can be seasonal or perennial.
B The patient can be completely free between the episodes.
C The disease can start at any age.
D In adults it is more common and more severe in men than women.
D
This statement is not true. In childhood, asthma is more common in boys than girls. However, in adults, asthma tends to be more common and more severe in women than in men. Hormonal differences and other factors contribute to this disparity in prevalence and severity between genders in adulthood.
Which of the following is bad prognostic sign regarding acute rheumatic fever:
A Young age group
B Old age
C No valvular lesion
D Normal inflammatory markers
A
• Rheumatic fever can recur whenever the individual experience new GABH streptococcal infection, if not on prophylactic medicines
• Good prognosis for older age group & if no carditis during the initial attack.
• Bad prognosis for younger children & those with carditis with valvular lesions
All of the fallowing drugs improve the prognosis in heart failure Except:
A Lisinopril
B Spironolactone
C Digoxin
D Bisoprolol
C
Digoxin & Diuretics improves symptoms not survival. (”D” Drugs)
The most common cause of atrial fibrillation is:
A Hypertension.
B Valvular heart diseases.
C Lone atrial fibrillation.
D Ischemic heart diseases.
A (most likely)
The exact cause of atrial fibrillation is unknown, but it’s more common with age and affects certain groups of people more than others. Atrial fibrillation is common in people with other heart conditions, such as: high blood pressure (hypertension) atherosclerosis.
Source: causes of atrial fibrillation NHS UK
Dyspnea that associates with wheezing can be caused by the following EXCEPT:
A Acute bronchitis.
B Pneumothorax.
C Asthma.
D Foreign body inhalation.
B
Pneumothorax, as it typically presents with dyspnea but not wheezing.
Tuberculous granuloma contain the following cells EXCEPT:
A Lymphocytes.
B Neutrophils.
C Langhans cells.
D Epithelioid cells.
B
Once inhaled, the organisms lodge in the alveoli and initiate the recruitment of macrophages and lymphocytes. Macrophages undergo transformation into epithelioid and Langhans cells, which aggregate with the lymphocytes to form the classical tuberculous granuloma. Numerous granulomas aggregate to form a primary lesion or ‘Ghon focus’. ( Davidson 24th Ed)
A 32-year-old lady referred for cardiac clinic because of incidental systolic murmur at pulmonary area, with fixed splitting of second heart sound. Chest X-ray was plethoric with prominent main pulmonary artery. ECG revealed incomplete right bundle branch block. The most likely diagnosis for this presentation is:
A Pulmonary stenosis.
B Persistent ductus arteriosus.
C Ventricular septal defect.
D Atrial septal defect.
D
The presence of a fixed splitting of the second heart sound suggests a right-to-left shunt, which is characteristic of ASD. The incomplete right bundle branch block on the ECG can also be associated with ASD. Additionally, the plethoric chest X-ray with a prominent main pulmonary artery is consistent with increased pulmonary blood flow seen in ASD due to the left-to-right shunting of blood.
A 24-year-old man with no prior medical problems faints while having exercise. He has a quick recovery and has no neurologic deficits. ECG shows a normal sinus rhythm. Which of the following is the most useful diagnostic test?
A Carotid massage.
B Echocardiogram.
C Computed tomographic (CT) scan of head.
D Blood glucose level.
B Echocardiogram
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM):
Typically presents with symptoms such as syncope, chest pain, dyspnea, or palpitations, especially during exercise.
Physical examination may reveal a harsh systolic murmur heard best at the left lower sternal border, which increases with maneuvers that decrease preload (like standing, Valsalva maneuver).
Echocardiogram usually shows asymmetric septal hypertrophy, systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve, and dynamic left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction.
ECG findings may include left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, and nonspecific ST-T wave abnormalities.
The following can cause exudative pleural effusion EXCEPT:
A Para-pneumonic effusion.
B Malignancies.
C Nephrotic syndrome.
D Pulmonary infarction.
C
Nephrotic Syn
Transudate (Protein <25g/L)
▪︎Due To Increase Hydrostatic Pressure (HF) Or Decrease Oncotic Pressure (Liver & Kidney Diseases/Malnutrition/HypoAlbuminaemia)
Exudate (Protein >35g/L)
▪︎Due To Increase Microvascular Capillary Permeability By Infection Or Inflammations (Pneumonia/TB/Malignancy/Abscess/Lupus/Rheumatoid Arthritis/Uremia/Asbestos)
One of the following is true for Mobitz I second degree heart block:
A Usually indicate underlying ischemia
B Usually, symptomatic
C ECG shows progressive prolongation of PR intervals
D Treated by permanent pacemaker
C
Mobitz I second-degree heart block, also known as Wenckebach block, is characterized by progressive lengthening of the PR interval until a QRS complex is dropped (missing), followed by a reset of the PR interval. This pattern is often visible on an ECG and is characteristic of Mobitz I.
Which of these actions increase survival in COPD?
A Stop smoking and reducing weight
B Stop smoking and long term O2 therapy.
C Stop smoking and regular combined LABA/ICS inhalation
D Stop smoking and intermittent short courses of steroids
B
Which of the following best describe fibrosing alveolitis?
A Orthopnea and bibasal crepits
B Cough and occasional hemoptysis
C Productive cough and wheezing
D Clubbing and Velcro crepitations
D
Clinical findings include finger clubbing and the presence of bi-basal fine late inspiratory crackles likened to the unfastening of Velcro. ( Davidson 24th Ed )
The following are true in COPD EXCEPT:
A Radiographic signs correlate with the severity of airflow limitation.
B Measurement of lung volumes provides an assessment of hyperinflation.
C In severe COPD, and with large bullae, body plethysmography is preferred to estim lung volumes.
D A low peak flow is consistent with COPD but is non-specific.
A
Although there are no reliable radiographic signs that correlate with the severity of airflow limitation, a chest X-ray is essential to identify alternative diagnoses such as cardiac failure, lung cancer and the presence of bullae. ( Davidson 24th Ed )
The following are recognized causes of prolonged PR interval except:
A Digoxin toxicity
B Hypocalcemia
C Hypokalemia
D Rheumatic fever
B
Hypocalcemia causes prolonged QT interval
