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developmental quiz 4 > cardiopulmonary system > Flashcards

cardiopulmonary system Flashcards

1
Q

compents of the cardiovascular system

A

heart, vasculature, and blood

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2
Q

functions of the cardiovascular system

A

deliver oxygen to cells
transports hormones
removed metabolic waste
protects the body
regulates bofy tem

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3
Q

what is the function of the heart in the caardiovascular system

A

pumps blood to the body

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4
Q

what is A closed network of vessels that transports blood
throughout the body

A

vasculature

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5
Q

what transport blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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6
Q

what transport blood toward the heart

A

veins

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7
Q

what is the connection between arteries and veins to allow for exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste

A

capillaries

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8
Q

what are the 3 types of vessels

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

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9
Q

when does vasculature developement begin

A

at 3-4 weeks after conception

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10
Q

what is the formation of arteries and veins

A

vasculogenesis

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11
Q

what cells differentiate into vessels

A

mesodermal cells

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12
Q

what occurs onlt during embyronic development

A

vasculogenesis

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13
Q

formation of vascular branches from existing blood
vessels

A

angiogensis

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14
Q

what Occurs during embryonic development and throughout life (i.e. during healing)

A

angiogensis

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15
Q

what are the 3 layers of blood vessels

A

tunica externa
tunica media
tunica intima

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16
Q

whatis the outer connective tissue layer

A

tunia externa

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17
Q

what is the middle smooth muscle layer

A

tunica media

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18
Q

what is the iunner endothelial layer

A

tunica intima

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19
Q

where are the large elastic arteries located

A

in the tunica media

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20
Q

exampples of large elastic arteries are

A

aorta , left CCA

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21
Q

medium musclar arteries are found where

A

in tunica media

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22
Q

examples of medium muscular arteries is

A

femoral artery, axillary artery

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23
Q

small arteries and arterioles control the fillins og

A

capillaries

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24
Q

how many classes of viens are there

A

3

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25
Q

are viens or arteries larger

A

veins

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26
Q

are the walls thick or thin in veins

A

thin

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27
Q

are veisn large or small blood reservior

A

large

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28
Q

veins have

A

one way valves present

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29
Q

where are one way valves are typically located in the veins

A

inferior to the heart

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30
Q

what increase HR and cause vasoconstriction

A

sympathetic nervous system

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31
Q

what decreases HR and casues vasodilation

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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32
Q

what are the 2 type of receptors

A

barorecptors and chemoreceptors

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33
Q

where are the baroreceptors located

A

aorta and carotid sinus

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34
Q

what do the barorecptors detect

A

changes in BP

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35
Q

where are chemoreceptors located

A

in aorta and carotid bodies

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36
Q

what do chemoreceptros detect

A

change in pH and O2

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37
Q

when does the heart develop

A

approx. 3 wks after conception

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38
Q

Recognizable structure after

A

20 days

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39
Q

what beings to enlogate after 20 days

A

the heart tube

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40
Q

Circulation begins at approx.

A

4 weeks of gestation

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41
Q

when do heart and vessels develope

A

week 3

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42
Q

when does the heart being to beat and pump blood

A

week 4

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43
Q

when does the heart form into a 4 chamber strcuture

A

week 7

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44
Q

what are small passages for blood to travel through in order to bypass body parts that are not yet developed

A

shunting systems

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45
Q

what is the Foramen ovale in pre natal

A

R atrium to L atrium

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46
Q

what is Ductus arteriosus in pre natal

A

R pulmonary artery to aorta

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47
Q

what is the ductus venosus in pre natal

A

inferior vena cava to umbilicial vein

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48
Q

Shunting systems close and form

A

new strcutrues

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49
Q

what does the foramen ovale turn into

A

fossa ovalis

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50
Q

what does the ductus arteriousus turn into

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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51
Q

what does the umbilical vein turn into

A

ligamentum teres

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52
Q

what does the ductus venosus turn into

A

ligamentum venosum

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53
Q

what does theumbilical arteries turn into

A

lateral umbilical ligaments

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54
Q

___of live births have congenital heart disease

A

1%

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55
Q

what was the cause of death in the 1st year of life

A

congentital heart disease

56
Q

in infancy and chikdhood what side of the heart becomes predominat

A

left

57
Q

Left ventricular wall becomes twice as thick by

A

adulthood

58
Q

Heart is initially oriented

A

horizontally

59
Q

the heart changed to vertical orientation with

A

lung expansion and growth

60
Q

heart volume at birth

A

40 mL

61
Q

heart volue at 6 months

A

80 mL

62
Q

heart volume at 2 years old

A

160 mL

63
Q

Ratio of heart volume to body weight remains constant =

A

10 mL/kg of body weight*

64
Q

in infancy and childhood changes in myocytes increase in

A

cross sectional area of muscle fibers
number of myofibrils

65
Q

in infancy and childhood changes in myocytes increase in

A

force production

66
Q

stroke volume leads to an increased

A

efficiency

67
Q

there is no increase of number of myocytes in

A

infancy and childhood

68
Q

1 vessel for every 6 muscle fibers

A

at birth

69
Q

1:1 ration

A

adulthood

70
Q

Fetal hemoglobin (Hb) levels ____post-natal Hb levels

A

greater than

71
Q

fetal blood has more __ and less __ _____

A

Hb and less O2 saturation

72
Q

as infacnts lungs begin to function blood has ___ Hb and ____ O2 saturation

A

less and more

73
Q

Newborn Hb levels:

A

20 g/ 100 mL

74
Q

3-6 month old Hb levels:

A

10 g/100 mL

75
Q

Adult Hb levels:

A

14-16 g/mL

76
Q

during infancy and childhood blood volume

A

increase

77
Q

during infancy and childhood stroke volume

A

increase

78
Q

during infancy and childhood heart rate

A

decreases

79
Q

during infancy and childhood blood pressure

A

increases

80
Q

in adolescence the left ventrucular size increases as

A

body mass increases

81
Q

what happens to blood pressure as body weight increases

A

it increases

82
Q

in adulthood heart size may increase due to

A

fatty deposition
mostly seen in women between 30-60

83
Q

changes with aging in the heart: ___ number of myocytes but ___ in size

A

derease and increase

84
Q

changes with aging in the heart: ___ in number of pacemaker cells in SA node which leades to ___ HR

A

decrease; slower

85
Q

changes with aging in the heart: left ventricular wall becomes ___ which leads to ____ stroke volume

A

thicker , decreased

86
Q

changes with aging in the heart: what becomes darker

A

myocardium

87
Q

as you age the vessels become

A

thicker, stiffer and less flexible

88
Q

do white or red blood cells decrease as you age

A

red

89
Q

what is the leading cause of death

A

adult heart disease

90
Q

how mnay heart attacker are there a year

A

1mil

91
Q

how many adults have heart failure

A

5 mil

92
Q

pulmonary system componets

A

lungs
airways
blood vessels
thorax

93
Q

what is the Site of gas exchange (bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide)

A

lungs

94
Q

what are Pathway for air to lungs called

A

airways

95
Q

what Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

blood vessels

96
Q

what Provides mechanical force

A

thorax

97
Q

primary function of pulmonary system

A

gas excahnge

98
Q

what is the conducting zone

A

passageway for air to travel into and out of lungs

99
Q

where is the respiratory zone locared

A

deep in the lungs

100
Q

nose , pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles are examples of what zone

A

conducting

101
Q

where is the respiratory system located

A

brain stem- medulla oblongata and pons

102
Q

what dies the Sympathetic nervous system control

A

bronchial dilation

103
Q

what does Parasympathetic nervous system

A

bronchial coonstrictin

104
Q

what Detect changes in blood pH, carbon dioxide, and oxygen

A

chemoreceptors

105
Q

where are stretch receptros

A

in the lungs

106
Q

what are the nerves for muscles ventilation

A

sensory and motor

107
Q

control of the ventilation get control from the

A

autonomic nervius sytem

108
Q

muscles of inspritation accessory

A

SCM
scalences gorup
pectoralic minor

109
Q

what is it called when the amount of air remaining in the lungs following expiration

A

residual volume

110
Q

total volume of air inspired and expired in one minute

A

mintue ventilation

110
Q

amount of air inhaled or exhaled at rest with each breath

A

tidal volume

110
Q

when is Differentiation of trachea and
bronchi

A

4-8 weeks of gestation

111
Q

when do lung buds form

A

4-8 weeks of gestation

112
Q

primitive alveoli form – development continues until birth

A

6 weeks

113
Q

when is the conducting zone developed

A

8 weeks

114
Q

when is surfactant produced

A

24 weeks

115
Q

when is a full term baby

A

40 weeks

115
Q

viable respiratory zone (vascularized terminal sacs and
surfactant)

A

26-28 weeks

116
Q

36 weeks and before is known as what kind of baby

A

pre mature

117
Q

pulmonary developement at birth : what way is the rib cage

A

horizontal

118
Q

what are the achievement of sitting

A

ribs becoe angled
diaphragm dorms dome
ventilatory muscle

119
Q

when does the number of alveoli stop increasing

A

8 years old

120
Q

are airwasy smaller are larger in childeren

A

smaller

121
Q

there is a decreased smooth muscle in bronchiole wall untill waht age

A

3-4 years

122
Q

decrease alveolar elasticity until

A

puberty

123
Q

increased risk of respiratory infections until waht age

A

6-8 years

124
Q

in adolcense there is an ___ size of proximal airways and vasculature

A

increased

125
Q

when do smooth muscle in arterial walls of alveoli are FULLY DEVELOPMENTED

A

19 years old

126
Q

when are there functional impairments that are evident ?

A

beginning in the 7th decade of life (60;s)

127
Q

there is a decrease in ___ and ___ in lungs as you become older

A

compliance and elasticity

128
Q

where is there a decease in vital capacity and increase in residual volume by the age of

A

70 dur to impaired elastic recoil

129
Q

what is the efficiency of the cardiovascular system

A

cardiac output

130
Q

what is the effocoency of the pulmonary system

A

mintue ventilation

131
Q

maximal ability of an indidvuals body to transport and use oxygen for energy production

A

maximal aerobic capacity

132
Q

how to find cardiac output

A

stroke volume x heart rate

133
Q

how to find minute ventilation

A

tidal volume x respiratory rate

developmental quiz 4 (1 decks)

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