Cardiopulmonary Effects of Exercise

Question 1

As demand for oxygen increases in exercise, what is one cardiac response to higher demand?

Answer 1

Cardiac output increases (can go from 5 L/min to 30L/min)

Question 2

An increase in training has what effect on

1) cardiac output?
2) stroke volume below absolute threshold
3) resting heart rate
4) resting blood pressure
5) Minute ventilation

Answer 2

1) Training can increase the maximum cardiac output
2) Will increase resting stroke volume
3) decreased resting heart rate
4) decreased blood pressure
5) decreased resting minute ventilation; increased maximum minute ventilation

Question 3

What three mechanisms are involved in the increase in cardiac output?

Answer 3

1) tachycardia (increase heart rate)
2) Frank-Starling mechanism
3) sympathetic stimulation

Question 4

What are three factors that affect stroke volume?

Answer 4

1) rate of venous return
2) ventricular distensibility
3) contractility

Question 5

What is the relationship between increasing work and heart rate?

Answer 5

Heart rate increases linearly with increasing work

Question 6

What is the generalized maximum heart rate?

Answer 6

220-Age

Question 7

How does cardiovascular drift occur in persons with prolonged aerobic exercise?

Answer 7

Because of the body’s need to thermoregulate, blood will shunt to the skin and fluid will be sweated out. This loss of flow to non-muscular tissues reduces venous return and in return reduces preload. Heart rate will increase to compensate

Question 8

How is blood distribution to the following organs changed with increasing exercise and output?

1) skin
2) heart and brain
3) muscle
4) viscera

Answer 8

1) initially drops, but then will rise in order to promote thermoregulation
2) remains constant
3) increases significantly, taking up most of the increase in cardiac output
4) decreases slightly; viscera only take up 20% of presented O2 and can tolerate loss

Question 9

How is blood pressure affected during exercise?

Answer 9

Systolic blood pressures tend to increase, but diastolic pressures remain relatively constant. As a result, the mean arterial pressure does not change very much.

Question 10

What is the effect of dynamic exercise on blood pressure?

Answer 10

Vasodilation occurs in the tissues that require additional blood flow, so overall peripheral resistance and pressure will drop

Question 11

What is the effect of isometric contraction on blood pressure?

Answer 11

Blood pressure tends to rise significantly with isometric contraction and increases more with more muscle groups recruited

Question 12

How does the arteriovenous oxygenation difference change with increased exercise?

Answer 12

The difference will rise with exercise

Question 13

How is the VO2 calculated?

Answer 13

cardiac output x arteriovenous difference of oxygenation

Question 14

In what clinical scenarios might EPO be administered?

Answer 14

hemoglobinopathies, renal failure, IBS, chemotherapy (is also a PED)

Question 15

What is the clinical concern for administering EPO?

Answer 15

With increased hematocrit, blood viscosity will increase

Question 16

How do tidal volumes and respiratory rate change with exercise?

Answer 16

Initially, both rise linearly. Once the maximal tidal volume has been reached, respiratory rate increases more dramatically

Question 17

What events occur at the anaerobic threshold and at what VO2 is that threshold normally?

Answer 17

Sharp rises in lactate, VCO2 and ventilation occur; PaCO2 and pH start to drop. Usually at about 65-75% of maximal VO2