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HOSA - Physical Therapy > Cardiopulmonary Conditions > Flashcards

Cardiopulmonary Conditions Flashcards

heart & lungs and whatnot

1
Q

Pericardial Sac

A

a fibrous tissue that surrounds the heart

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2
Q

Fibrous Tissue

A

Specialized type of tissue that surrounds and supports various organs, structures and other tissues in the body.

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3
Q

Myocardium

A

Comprises major portion of the heart
- muscle tissue cross-straited with layers of muscle fibers in different directions

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4
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A

creates impulse for sinus rhythm (“pacemaker” of the heart)

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5
Q

Sympathetic System

A

body’s “fight or flight” system

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6
Q

Parasympathetic System

A

Carries signals that relax sympathetic system

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7
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

arteries that supply blood to the myocardium

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8
Q

Myocardial Infraction

A

Blockage that prevents oxygen supply to the heart

AKA Heart Attack

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9
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

disease caused by plaque build up on interior of blood vessels

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10
Q

Capillaries

A

connects arteries to veins (“gas exchange” point)

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11
Q

CVD accounted for what percent of deaths in the USA (2006)

A

26%

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12
Q

4 main risk factors for CVD are

A
  1. Ethnicity (highest among Black people, lowest among Asians)
  2. Education
  3. Income
  4. Employment Status
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13
Q

Ventilation

A

Process of exchanging air between atmosphere and the lungs through inspiration and expiration

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14
Q

Inspiration

A

diaphragm contract to increase space in thoracic cavity

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15
Q

Expiration

A

diaphragm expands to decrease thoracic cavity

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16
Q

Conducting Airways

A

passages and tubes transporting air in & out of the lungs

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17
Q

Upper Conducting Airway

A

Composed of nose, pharynx, larynx and beginning of trachea

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18
Q

Lower Conducting Airway

A

Composed of trachea and bronchiole system

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19
Q

Bronchiole System

A

tubes branching out from main bronchus out to terminal bronchioles

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20
Q

Pleura

A

special membrane covering outer surface of lungs & inner chest wall surface

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21
Q

Ischemic Conditions

A

blocked blood vessels causing insufficient blood flow and oxygen to tissues

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22
Q

Coronary Heart Disease

A

Arteriosclerosis affecting coronary vessels

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23
Q

Angina

A

chest pain caused by ischemia of heart muscle

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24
Q

Causes of arteriosclerosis

A

Age
Family history
Smoking
Obesity
High BP
High Cholesterol
High Blood Sugar levels

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25
Heart Failure
disease or birth defect causing problems with hearts pumping capabilities
26
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
heart muscle is so cooked it can't move blood volume efferently Failure in RV can cause blood to back into venous system Failure in LV can cause blood to back into lungs
27
Obstructive Lung Disease
pathological changes in lungs creating abnormalities in airflow through bronchial tubes
28
Restrictive Lung Disease
pathological changes causing volume of air in lungs to be reduced
29
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
group of disorders which include the following symptoms: - chronic cough - excessive mucus production - shortness of breath (dyspnea) - changes in sound creating from air going through tubes
30
Chronic Bronchitis
Inflammation of Bronchi
31
Emphysema
trapping of air in alveoli
32
Peripheral Airway Disease
collapse of terminal bronchioles
33
Bronchial Asthma
are getting trapped due to spasm-like contractions of bronchi
34
Cystic Fibrosis
Blockage of bronchi due to problems with mucus glands
35
Hypoxemia
problems with gas exchange with red blood cells passing alveoli
36
Diseases that directly affect lung tissues are normally
Idiopathic
37
Tachypnea
Increase in breathing rate
38
Who all are involved in examinations
Patients, family and other caregivers
39
Cardiac Catheterization
catheter is passed into artery at leg and goes to heart than be directed to chambers, arteries or veins sensory device may be attached to measure pressure of heart chambers dye can also be released to locate blockages
40
Echocardiography
using high frequency ultrasound to asses heart chambers and pumping capabilities AKA Cardiac Echo
41
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
evaluates heart function by outputting hearts rate and rhythm in the form of ECG waves
42
P wave in ECG represents
atrial depolarization in response to SA node
43
QRS complex in ECG represents
ventricular depolarization triggering main pumping contractions
44
Exercise Stress Testing
determines how CP system responds to increase in activity
45
Radiography
using ionizing radiation to create a picture of chest
46
CT
x-rays that take pictures of small slices of chest and lungs images are compiled into a single image by a computer later on
47
MRI
Magnetic waves are used to take pictures of small slices of chest and lungs images are compiled into a single image by a computer later on
48
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) and CT Pulmonary Angiography (CTPA)
used to diagnose blockages of blood vessels
49
Bronchoscopy
flexible fiber topic tube placed in bronchial tree allowing structures to be seen
50
Pulmonary Function Test
assess respiratory muscle, airway and lung tissue integrity
51
Blood Gas Analysis
assessing arterial (oxygenated) blood to determine O2 and CO2 concentration and acidity
52
Are drugs able to eradicate CP diseases?
No can relive or improve symptoms though
53
PCI
process of widening coronary arteries
54
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
surgically opening chest wall to graft a small artery or leg vein from aorta to a point beyond blockage allows blood to bypass blockage
55
Coronary Heart Disease is responsible for what percent of CVD deaths in USA (2006)
51%
56
Heart Transplant
last resort intervention for heart failure patient must be disease/infection free and emotionally stable before transplant
57
Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)
Device used to aid in pumping blood for patients awaiting a donor for a heart transplant
58
Stenotic
Narrowed
59
Pacemaker
Device that creates a pulse to control heart depolarization *Replaces function of SA Node
60
How long should upper extremity lifting & ROM be restricted for after cardiothoracic surgery?
5-8 Weeks
61
Unilateral upper extremity exercises are avoided until?
no signs of sternal instability are shown
62
Splinting Cough
Squeezing a pillow against abdomen while coughing to make them stronger and less painful
63
At what stage of cardiac rehab does the PT - monitor patients heart rate, ECG, blood pressure and other physiologic parameters. - Involve patient in educational activities
Inpatient Stage (Phase I)
64
At what stage of cardiac rehab does: - patient attend cardiac rehab programs - monitored closely -attend training sessions 3-4 times for 10-12 weeks (depending on severity) - stress test is performed to assess improvements
Outpatient Stage (Phase II)
65
At what stage of cardiac rehab does: - PT team engage in frequent check-ups - Patient participates in independent and aggressive activities - Patient self monitors exercises
Outpatient Stage (Phase III)
66
At what stage of cardiac rehab does: - patient function at maximum safe capacity
Outpatient Stage (Phase IV)
67
Heart-rate reserve method
Target heart rate is calculated using this formula THR = [ (maxHR - restHR) x desired intensity% ] + restHR
68
How is max Heart rate found?
max stress test or 220 - patient age
69
Desired Heart-rate reserve intensity for patients with cardiac disease?
40%-80%
70
Desired Heart-rate reserve intensity for young adult athletes?
60%-85%
71
PT responsibilities are met once...
patient can function independantly
72
Secretion Removal techniques
used when patient produces excessive mucus in the bronchi (occurs in obstructive pulmonary diseases)
73
Postural Drainage
patient is placed in certain positions to passively drain fluid from specific lung portions PT applies percussion (or clapping), vibration, & shaking to chest wall areas overlying specific lung portions
74
The "Well Individual"
person without diagnosis of CVD or PD
75
Successful Aging
implementation of prevent strategies for diseases and promoting healthy lifestyles in young and middle-aged individuals

HOSA - Physical Therapy (6 decks)

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