Cardiopulmonary

Question 1

What are varices?

Answer 1

Vessels that dilate and expand. These give rise to rectal, abdominal & esophageal varices which can become very thick and rupture, clinically important to monitor hemorrhage

Question 2

Portal hypertension

Answer 2

Increase in the BP within a system of veins

Question 3

Portal hypertension causes what?

Answer 3

Varices

Question 4

The lymphatic system runs along side the _______ system

Answer 4

Vascular

Question 5

Mitral valve in the heart is found on which side?

Answer 5

Left

Question 6

The tricuspid valve is found on which side of the heart?

Answer 6

Right

Question 7

R atrium receives venous blood from where?

Answer 7

Superior and inferior vena cava

Question 8

What does pulmonary hypertension do to the heart?

Answer 8

causes elongation

Question 9

Distribution of R coronary artery (RCA)?

Answer 9

R atrium, SA node, posterior R ventricle, AV node, bundle of his,

Question 10

Distribution of L main coronary artery (LMCA)

Answer 10

Bifurcates within 2-10mm into the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries

Question 11

Distribution of L anterior descending artery (LAD)

Answer 11

Anterior Left ventricle, ant. intraventricular septum and adjacent R ventricle, portion of both bundle branches, and often the proximal inferior portion of both ventricles and apex

Question 12

Distribution of Circumflex artery (CX)

Answer 12

L atrium, lateral and inferior walls of the L ventricle, and sometimes serves as origin of the posterior descending

Question 13

Distribution of posterior descending artery (PDA)

Answer 13

Posterior intraventricular septum, plus at least half of the inferior left ventricle

Question 14

Systole (contraction) coronary aa squeezed causing?

Answer 14

Reduction in blood perfusion

Question 15

Diastole (relaxation) coronary aa relaxed causing?

Answer 15

perfusing to myocardium

Question 16

What is coronary blood flow influenced by?

Answer 16

autonomic nervous system

Question 17

Approximately 2/3 of total blood volume is stored where?

Answer 17

venous vasculature

Question 18

What are the effects of aging on the CV system

Answer 18

• Bl vessels lose elasticity (thicker and stiffer, increases BP)
• L ventricle becomes more hypertrophied and less compliant (slower ventricular filling)
• Heart valves become more thickened and calcified (stenosis)
• May have changes in the conduction system (arrhythmias)
• Baroreceptors become less sensitive (orthostatic hypotension)
• Adrenergic responsiveness declines (lower exercise and maximal HR)
• Changes in myocardial cells (volumes and contractions