CardioPulm2 Flashcards
How would you confirm diagnosis of suspected alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency?
Confirm Dx with measurement of serum AAT levels and perform pulmonary function testing.
How would you treat alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency?
Rx = IV supplementation with human AAT. Supply bronchodilators and corticosteroids as needed.
If a patient presents with SOB, productive cough, and evidence of destruction of lower lobes [panlobular emphysema] then what should be the primary differential?
Alpha 1 antitrypsin def. Causes panacinar emphysema and lower lobe destruction
How does the clinical presentation of acute vs chronic aspergillosis differ?
Acute/Invasive = Triad (fever, chest pain, hemoptysis), halo sign pulm nodules, cell wall biomarkers (galactomannan + beta d glucan)
Chronic = > 3 mo weight loss, fatigue, hemoptysis. Cavitary lesion/fungus ball, Aspergillus IgG sero (+)
Would squatting increase or decrease venous return?
Squatting = increased venous return = ^ preload»_space; ^ ventricle size and volume.
This causes delay in valve prolapse with a late systolic click and short murmur in mitral regurg/mitral valve prolapse
Murmurs that get louder with increased afterload (name3):
AR, MR, VSD
What is the MCC of cardiac arrest in the immediate post-infarction periods in patients with acute MI?
Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias (e.g. V-fib)
What’s the difference between asystole vs pulseless electrical activity?
PEA = ECG rhythm but no mechanical contraction to generate a palpable pulse
Aystole = complete absence of electrical and mechanical cardiac activity
What are the auscultory findings of mitral stenosis?
Loud S1, opening snap after S2 (best heard at apex), low pitch diastolic rumbling at cardiac apex in L lateral decubitus position
What are the most common infectious etiologies that cause viral myocarditis?
Coxsackie B is MCC, others include parvo B19, adenovirus, enterovirus, and HHV6.
Dx = Echo
These infections»_space; dilated cardiomyopathy. Direct viral damage to tissue + response of humoral or cellular immune response»_space; persistent viral infections