CardioPulm2 Flashcards

1
Q

How would you confirm diagnosis of suspected alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency?

A

Confirm Dx with measurement of serum AAT levels and perform pulmonary function testing.

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2
Q

How would you treat alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency?

A

Rx = IV supplementation with human AAT. Supply bronchodilators and corticosteroids as needed.

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3
Q

If a patient presents with SOB, productive cough, and evidence of destruction of lower lobes [panlobular emphysema] then what should be the primary differential?

A

Alpha 1 antitrypsin def. Causes panacinar emphysema and lower lobe destruction

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4
Q

How does the clinical presentation of acute vs chronic aspergillosis differ?

A

Acute/Invasive = Triad (fever, chest pain, hemoptysis), halo sign pulm nodules, cell wall biomarkers (galactomannan + beta d glucan)

Chronic = > 3 mo weight loss, fatigue, hemoptysis. Cavitary lesion/fungus ball, Aspergillus IgG sero (+)

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5
Q

Would squatting increase or decrease venous return?

A

Squatting = increased venous return = ^ preload&raquo_space; ^ ventricle size and volume.

This causes delay in valve prolapse with a late systolic click and short murmur in mitral regurg/mitral valve prolapse

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6
Q

Murmurs that get louder with increased afterload (name3):

A

AR, MR, VSD

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7
Q

What is the MCC of cardiac arrest in the immediate post-infarction periods in patients with acute MI?

A

Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias (e.g. V-fib)

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8
Q

What’s the difference between asystole vs pulseless electrical activity?

A

PEA = ECG rhythm but no mechanical contraction to generate a palpable pulse

Aystole = complete absence of electrical and mechanical cardiac activity

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9
Q

What are the auscultory findings of mitral stenosis?

A

Loud S1, opening snap after S2 (best heard at apex), low pitch diastolic rumbling at cardiac apex in L lateral decubitus position

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10
Q

What are the most common infectious etiologies that cause viral myocarditis?

A

Coxsackie B is MCC, others include parvo B19, adenovirus, enterovirus, and HHV6.

Dx = Echo

These infections&raquo_space; dilated cardiomyopathy. Direct viral damage to tissue + response of humoral or cellular immune response&raquo_space; persistent viral infections

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