Cardiomyopathys, Tumors, Flashcards
Restrictive CM and constrictive pericarditis have very similar findings. One distinct difference is Constrictive pericarditis has?
respiratory variations
Restrictive CM
No respiratory variations
MVdt <160ms
E/A ratio >2.0
LV and LA, have equal end diastolic pressures (elevated)
Bilateral atrial enlargement
normal function
Ectopia Cordis
Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital heart defect where the heart is partially or completely located outside the chest cavity
What defect is associated with ectopia cordis
TOF
What is the most common tumor in the pediatric population?
-percentage
Rhabdomyomas
50-75% of cardiac tumors in children
Usually multiple tumors
Rhabdomyomas are highly associated with what syndrome?
Tuberous Sclerosis
Syndrome which includes tumors in the brain, heart, kidneys
Usually have mental or seizure disorders
Where are Rhabdomyomas found?
What chamber affected the most?
- myocardium (septum/pap)
- Right Ventricle
Do rhabdomyomas affect cardiac function since they are in the myocardium?
No
Treatment plan for rhabdomyomas
Rarely requires treatment and regress with age. Rarely do they get larger or cause any outflow obstructions.
What is the second most common pediatric cardiac tumor?
Fibroma
Where are Fibromas usually located?
-Appearance?
LV anterior wall myocardium
-Broad-based and well-affixed to ventricular wall
-usually single and large (can grow)
-associated with arrhythmias
Fibroma treatment
If symptomatic resection
-can obstruct outflow tract
Papillary fibroelastoma
-Affects
-size
Most common valve tumor
-affects TV in children
-usually around 1cm
affects MV/AV in adults
myxoma
Most common in adults not so much in kids
-stalk in the LA
Primary malignant tumor
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Malignant
- Large irregular border
- Usually obstructive
- Poor prognosis
When a tumor extends from the systemic or pulmonary veins to the heart it should be considered?
Secondary metastatic tumor
Secondary metastatic tumor
Wilms tumor
begins in kidney and extends into the RA via IVC
Most common Secondary metastatic tumor
Lymphomas
-invade pericardium
-affects function and filling
Thrombi in peds may be from
- Vascular catheters,
on the tip of line, dual lumen after line has been pulled - Poor function
- on man-made implants/devices
Bacterial Endocarditis
most common organisms
Staph Aureus
Staph Viridans
Bacterial Endocarditis affects the ___ sided valves more
Left-sided
Bacterial Endocarditis
affects what side of the AV valves and the semilunar valves?
Atrial side of the AV valves
Ventricle side of the semilunar valves
Post-pericardiotomy Syndrome
fever, pericarditis, pleuritis and tachypnea occurring approximately 7 days following cardiac surgery
could lead to tamponade (respiratory variations >25%)
Mitral valve decreases with inspiration
Tricuspid valve increases with inspiration
