Cardiomyopathy and Cardiac Tumors

Question 1

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (what it is and what it results (4) in, and treatment)

Answer 1

Dilation of all 4 chambers of the heart, resulting in systolic dysfunction, biventricular CHF, mitral and tricuspid regurg, and arrhythmia
Treated with transplant

Question 2

Dilated Cardiomyopathy Most Common Cause + 5

Answer 2

Most common idiopathic, but 5 others:
Genetic muts (usually AD)
Myocarditis
Alcohol Abuse
Drugs - doxorubicin or cocaine
Pregnancy - late or postpartum

Question 3

Myocarditis in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (causative agent and histological finding)

Answer 3

Coxsackie A or B characterized by lymphocytic infiltrate in myocardium, causing arrythmia/failure/sudden death or DC later

Question 4

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (what it is, cause, what it leads to/risk (3), histological finding)

Answer 4

Massive hypertrophy of LV
Usually genetic mut of sarcomere proteins (usually AD)
Diastolic dysfunction of LV
Sudden death in young athletes due to arrhythmias
Syncope with exercise due to hypertrophy of septum acting like AS
Myofibers in disarray on biopsy

Question 5

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (what it is, causes (and child cause), EKG findings)

Answer 5

Decreased compliance restricting diastolic filling
Anything infiltrative like amyloid/sarcoid/hemochromatosis. Endocardial fibroelastosis in children
Presents as CHF with low voltage EKG and diminished QRS amplitude

Question 6

Myxoma (epidemiology, location, effect)

Answer 6

Most common primary tumor in adults, usually in LA and can cause syncope due to obstruction of mitral valve

Question 7

Rhabdomyoma (epidemiology, association)

Answer 7

Most common primary tumor in children, associated with tuberous sclerosis

Question 8

Metastatic Tumors (4 common ones, location/complication)

Answer 8

Breast, lung, melanoma, lymphoma

Usually involves pericardium causing pericardial effusion