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Cardiology > Cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main types of cardiomyopathy

A

dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive

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2
Q

What is dilated CM associated w

A 
Alcohol
raised BP
Haemochromatosis
biral infection
autoimmune 
peri-postpartum 
congenital (x linked)
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3
Q

How can dilated CM present?

A

fatigue, SOB, pulm oedema, RVF, emboli, AF, VT

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4
Q

What are the signs of dilated CM?

A 
tachycardia
low BP
Raised JVP
displaced diffuse apex beat 
S3 Gallop
MR/TR
Pleural effusion
Oedema
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5
Q

What imaging would you do for dilated CM and what would they show?

A
  1. CXR - cardiomegaly, pulm. oedema
  2. ECG - tachy, non-specific T wave changes, poor R wave progression
  3. Echo - globally dilated hyperkinetic heart w low EF
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6
Q

What is the management of dilated cM?

A 
bed rest 
diuretics
digoxin
ACEi, anticoagulation, 
biventricular pacing 
ICDs
transplant
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7
Q

What inheritance pattern does hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy follow? what genes are mutated?

A

autosomal dominant

mutation in genes encoding beta myosin, alpha tropomyosin and troponin T

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8
Q

Why is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy important?

A

leading cause of sudden cardiac death in the young

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9
Q

What are the sx of HOCM?

A
  • sudden death
  • asymptomatic
  • angina
  • syncope
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10
Q

What are the signs of HOCM?

A
  • jerky pulse
  • large ‘a’ waves
  • double apex beat
  • ejection systolic murmur - increases w valsalva + reduced on squating
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11
Q

What is HOCM associated w

A

WPW

Friedreichs ataxia

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12
Q

What investigations would you do for HOCM?

A
  1. ECHO: MR SAM ASH
    MR - mitral regurgitation
    SAM - systolic anterior motion
    ASH - asymmetric hypertrophy
  2. ECG - LV hypertrophy, non-specific ST segment + T wave abnormalities, progressive T wave inversion, deep Q wave,AF occasionally
  3. Cardiac catheterisation to measure pressure diff between aorta and LV
  4. Cardiac MRI
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13
Q

What is the management of HOCM?

A 
Amiodarone
Beta blockers 
Cardioverter defibrillator 
Dual chamber pace-maker 
Endocarditis prophylaxis
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14
Q

What drugs should be avoided in HOCM?

A

Nitrates
ACEi
Inotropes

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15
Q

What are the causes of restrictive CM

A 
Idiopathic
Amyloidosis
Haemochromatosis
Sarcoidosis
Scleroderma
Lofflers endocarditis
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16
Q

How does restrictive CM present?

A 
Like constrictive pericarditis
Features of RVF predominate:
- raised JVP 
- Hepatomegaly
- Oedema 
- Ascites
17
Q

What is the treatment of restrictive CM?

A

Treat cause

18
Q

What is takotsubo CM?

A

non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, transient apical ballooning of myocardium

19
Q

What can trigger takotsubo CM?

A

stress

20
Q

Whta are the features of takotsubo CM?

A

Chest pain
HF
ST elevation
Normal angiogram

Cardiology (13 decks)

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