Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Block 3 FCM > cardiomyopathy > Flashcards

cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

what is restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

impaired DIASTOLIC function with relatively preserved contractility
ventricular rigidity impedes ventricular filling ( decreased compliance)
the stiff ventricle only fills with great effort

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

etiologies of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

infiltrative disease: amyloidosis-MCC

sarcoidosis, idiopathic myocardial fibrosis, chemo and radiation, scleroderma, hemochromatosis, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

clinical manifestations of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

R sided HF symptoms more common (SOB, fatigue, swelling of leg/abdomen), poorly tolerated tacchyarrythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

physical exam of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Kussmaul’s sign (JVP increasing with inspiration)
stiff inelastic RV–> impaired filling of RV–> causes increased blood flow to back up in venous system

signs of HF

may be an S3 sound present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnostic Studies in restrictive cardiomyopathy

A
  1. Chest x-ray: normal heart size, enlarged atria, may have pulmonary congestion/pleural effusion
  2. EKG- low voltage, may be arrhythmia-low amplitude signal results in small QRS complex
  3. ECHO: 1)ventricles non dilated with normal thickness,2) marked dilation in both atria, 3)diastolic dysfunction. may also see systolic dysfunction in advanced restrictive cardiomyopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

dilated atria is common in restrictive cardiomyopathy and can lead to ___

A

pulmonary hypertension and a-fib and AVNRT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

management of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

no specific treatment
TREAT UNDERLYING DISORDER
treatment is symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

systolic dysfunction that results in ventricular dilation which can lead to dilated, weak heart

“dysfunction in heart’s ability to contract”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MC age for dilated cardiomyopathy

A

20-60 yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is dilated cardiomyopathy more common in men or women

A

men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

etiologies of dilated cardiomyopathy

A
  1. idiopathic-postviral, probably MCC
  2. viral myocarditis- enterovirus MC, HIV, Lime dx, PB19, chugs dx, etc.
  3. toxic: alcohol abuse, cocaine, anthrocycluines, radiation treatment
  4. other: pregnancy, infiltrative autoimmune, metabolic syndrome (thyroid)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

clinical manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Heart failure- systolic HF symptoms: S3, fatigue, signs of L or R sided CHF, lateral displaced PMI, may be mitral or tricuspid regurgitation

Embolic events

Arrhythmias

Chest pain on exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

diagnostic studies for dilated cardiomyopathy

A

echo: 1)LV dilation (thin ventricular walls), large ventricular chambers, 2) decreased EF, 3) regional or global left ventricular hypokinesis

chest x-ray: cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion

EKG: sinus tach or arrythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

management of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

standard HF treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an inherited genetic disorder of ___ hypertrophy.

A

LV and/or Rv

especially septal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, sub aortic outflow obstruction narrows LV tract secondary to hypertrophied septum and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and papillary displacement.
increased systolic anterior motion is seen with what two things?

A
  1. increased contractility-> exercise, digoxin, beta agonists
  2. decreased left ventricular volume–> decreased venous return, dehydration, valsalva maneuver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

diastolic dysfunction: stiff ventricular chamber results in impaired _____

A

ventricular relaxation/filling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

clinical manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Dyspnea, fatigue
angine pectoris
syncope: pre-syncope and dizziness- due to inadequate output on exertion
arrhythmias: palpitations, a-fib, v-tavh, v-fib
sudden cardiac death: especially in young people during times of extreme exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what type of murmur will you hear on a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

harsh systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the murmur with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is best hear where?

A

left lower sternal border (sounds similar to Aortic Stenosis)

21
Q

in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, when performing handgrip, there is increased venous return which causes the murmur to be ___

A

decreased

22
Q

in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, when performing the valsalva maneuver, there is decreased venous return which results in the murmur to be ______

A

increased

23
Q

on physical exam of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, there will usually be no carotid radiation, but there may be ____.

A

loud S4, mitral regurgitation, S3 or pulses bisfereins

24
Q

diagnostic studies for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

echo: asymmetrical wall thickness, especially septal; systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve, small LV chamber size, dynamic outflow obstruction. there may or may not be mitral regurgitation
ekg: LVH, atrial enlargement, anterolateral and inferior pseudo q waves

TTE

chest x ray: cardiomegaly

25
Q

management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

counseling to avoid dehydration and extreme exertion!

  1. medical: beta blockers 1st line
  2. surgical: myoectomy
  3. alcohol septal ablation
  4. last resort= heart transplant
26
Q

what is cardiomyopathy?

A

disease of myocardium resulting in cardiac dysfunction

27
Q

5 types of cardiomyopathies

A
  1. dilated
  2. hypertrophic
  3. restrictive
  4. arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
  5. unclassified
28
Q

3 key histologic features in cardiomyopathy

A

fibrosis
cellular necrosis
myocyte hypertrophy

29
Q

physical exam: 5 useful clinical signs to establish presence of CM and severity

A
  1. general appearance- cachexia and dyspnea at rest (severe impairment)
  2. hypotension
  3. tachycardia
  4. elevated jugular venous pressure (4cm elevated)
  5. displaced LV point of maximal impulse (PMI)
30
Q

useful marker for diagnosis, severity, and prognosis of patients in HF

A

BNP

31
Q

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a clinical entity characterized by_______ and a specific ventricular pathology.

A

ventricular arrhythmias

32
Q

in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC), there is a scarred appearance with fibrous or fibro-fatty replacement of myocardium in the inflow tract, outflow tract, and/or apex of the _____

A

right ventricle

33
Q

in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC), The RV myocardial scarring initially produces typical regional wall motion abnormalities but later may involve the free wall and become global, producing ______. The tissue replacement can also involve areas of the left ventricle (LV) with relative sparing of the septum

A

RV dilation

34
Q

The 5 most common abnormalities on an EKG for cardiomyopathies in general

A

(1) Q waves (from a previous myocardial infarction)
(2) Diffuse ST-segment abnormalities
(3) LBBB - (or any intraventricular conduction delay)
(4) Atrial fib
(5) Abnormal P waves
biphasic in leads V1 and V2—“left atrial overload”

35
Q

hypertrophy of the myocardium more than 1.5 cm, without an identifiable cause
defines what type of cardiomyopathy?

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

36
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is what kind of genetic disorder?

A

autosomal dominant

37
Q

hallmark of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

myocardial hypertrophy that is inappropriate and often asymmetric and that occurs in the absence of an obvious inciting hypertrophic stimulus

38
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is diastolic or systolic dysfunction?

A

diastolic

39
Q

____ is the most common genetic CV disease

A

Cardiomyopathy

40
Q

Genetic mutations resulting in HCM 1⁰ involve the cardiac _____ but may also involve the connective tissue matrix

A

sarcomere

41
Q

In young adults, ____is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death with exertion*

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

42
Q

The classic auscultatory finding for HCM

A

a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur along the left sternal border that increases with the Valsalva maneuver

43
Q

Almost all cardiac murmurs_____ in intensity during Valsalva -except HCM, so this maneuver is a crucial part of the cardiac examination if HCM is suspected

A

decrease

44
Q

The Valsalva maneuver decreases preload, which results in decreased filling of the ____

A

left ventricle

45
Q

hand grip increases_____ and decreases_____

A

hand grip increases ventricular volume and decreases murmur intensity and LVOT gradient

46
Q

valsalva increases_____ and decreases_____

A

valsalva increases murmur intensity and LVOT gradient and decreases ventricular volume

47
Q

differentiate HCM from valvular aortic stenosis (AS) and a subvalvular aortic membrane

A

In AS – calcified aortic valve w/restricted mobility

In HCM - obstruction occurs below the aortic valve, valve structure and function preserved

48
Q

what is the standard for Dx of HCM

A

TTE (Transthoracic Echocardiography)

49
Q

hypertrophic CM Complications

A 
CHF
Arrhythmias
Infective mitral endocarditis
Atrial fibrillation with mural thrombosis formation
Sudden death

Block 3 FCM (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions