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Cardiomyopathy Flashcards

1
Q

What cardiomyopathy- ventricles muscle layer is dilated

A

Dilated

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2
Q

Dilated is systolic or diastolic

A

Systolic- blood continues to fill but can not contract as efficiently

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3
Q

What cardiomyopathy- muscle of heart become thick and scared. Ventricles are smaller

A

Restrictive

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4
Q

Restrictive is systolic or diastolic

A

Diastolic- ventricles are smaller they can not expand or relax. they are unable to bring as much volume into the ventricle and output is decreased

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5
Q

What cardiomyopathy- abnormal protein myocytes that can not contract –> thickening of cells asymmetrically –> septum is hypertrophic

A

Hyertrophic - HOCM

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6
Q

Hyertrophic is systolic or diastolic

A

Diastolic- septum is hypertrophic and blocks blood from the left ventricle to the aorta and decreased CO

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7
Q 
What cardiomyopathy has this patho- dysfunciton in contractile ability of myoctes leading to 
decrease outflow
compensatory dilation of ventricles 
increase volume filling 
atria dilate 
decrease outflow and back up
A

Dilated cariomyopathy

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8
Q 
What cardiomyopathy has this patho- bad myoctes proteins that cause 
decrease contractiosn of the myocetes
compensatory hypertophy
smaller ventricles
decreased filling 
decreased outflow
A

Hyertrophic - HOCM

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9
Q

Why is Hyertrophic - HOCM so dangerous- what is happening in the heart to make it dangerous?

A

two main problems

  1. walls are thick and cause a filling problem that leads to intermittent outflow obstruction
  2. this will lead to and increased HR that is dangerous
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10
Q

What are causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A
  1. genetics
  2. myocarditis- viral cox B virus * Most common
  3. Alcohol
  4. Prgnancy
  5. Idiopathic
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11
Q

Hypertrophic- HOCM is caused by what?

A
  1. Genetics
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12
Q

Restrictive is caused by what?

A
  1. Radiation
  2. idiopathic
  3. Infiltrated
  4. Open heart surgery
  5. Diabetes
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13
Q

symptoms of this cardiomyopathy- Congestive heart failure, chest pain, syncope, ascites

A

Dilated

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14
Q

symptoms of this cardiomyopathy- asymptomatic mainly, dyspnea, syncope, chest pain

A

Hypertrophic- HOCM

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15
Q

symptoms of this cardiomyopathy- Right sided heart failure> left. edema, ascites, increased JVP
Dyspnea and fatigue

A

Restrictive

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16
Q

what is the most common presenting symptom Hypertrophic- HOCM

A

Sudden death

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17
Q

What cardiomyopathy physical exam- increased JVP

S3, cardiomegaly, rales in lungs*

A

Dilated

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18
Q

What cardiomyopathy physical exam- increased JVP

S4, kussmaul sign?

A

Restrictive

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19
Q

What cardiomyopathy physical exam- S4, systolic ejection murmur increased standing up
sustained PMI
pulse is bisferiens (double peak) in the carotid

A

Hypertrophic- HOCM

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20
Q

CXR- cariomegaly and pulmonary congestion

A

Dilated

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21
Q

CXR- pulmonary congestion

*normal heart size

A

Restrictive

22
Q

CXR- normal

A

Hypertrophic- HOCM

23
Q

Echocardiogram- ventricular thickness
Biatrial enlargement
EF >55%

A

Restrictive

24
Q 
Caused by- inflirations of myocytes
amylodiosis
scarcoidosis 
hemachromatosis
radiation
A

Restrictive

25
Echocardiogram- Increased septum ratio >1.3 : 1 left ventricular wall thickness EF > 55%
Hypertrophic- HOCM
26
Treatment for Dilated Cardiomyopathy
``` Low sodium diet diuretics - fluid overload ACE-I BBlocker or CCB Digoxin Pacemaker Transplant ```
27
Treatment for Restrictive
``` Low sodium diet diuretics ACE-I BBlocker or CCB pacemaker Transplant ```
28
What other imagaing/tests besides ECHO is good to obtain with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
1. Angiogram to rule out ischemia | 2. Bx of heart muscle
29
What other imagaing/tests besides ECHO is good to obtain with Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
1. Angiogram - can look like pericarditis 2. BX = fibrosis and finlitration 3. MRI- Gadoliniumhypernhancement 4. cardica cath- high diastolic pressure mildly reduced left ventricle function
30
Treatment for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
``` Low sodium diet Diuretics ACE-I BBlockers or CCB Pacemaker Transplant ```
31
What other imagaing/tests besides ECHO is good to obtain with HOCM
1. Cardic cath- small, hypercontrictile left ventricle dynamic outflow gradient and diastolic dysfunciton
32
What other imaging/tests besides ECHO is good to obtain with HOCM
1. Cardic cath- small, hypercontrictile left ventricle dynamic outflow gradient and diastolic dysfunciton
33
What cardiomyopathy is caused by a infection process leading to inflammation of the myocardium
Myocarditits
34
``` Caused by virus * most common Cardiotoxins- alcohol or toxin hypersenitivity perdispoition ```
Myocarditits
35
What cardiomyopathy - left ventricle apical ballooning from high catecholamine rush
Tasko-Tsubo
36
``` Caused by Post-meopausal women surgery hypoglycemia earthquake emotional stress ```
Tasko-Tsubo
37
What cardiomyopathy - occurs in the last month of pregnancy or the first 5 months post-partum
Peripartum cardiomyopathy - PPCM
38
Caused by etiology unknown but likely multifactorial altered prolactin processing
Peripartum cardiomyopathy - PPCM
39
What cardiomyopathy - caused by fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricle myocardium can cause sudden cardiac death in young athletes
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy | ARVC
40
Symptoms of this cardiomyopathy- Orthopena, paroxymal noctural dyspnea, cough, pedal edema, fatigue, signs of heart failure
Peripartum cariomyopathy - PPCM
41
Symptoms of this cardiomyopathy- Mimics acute MI | angina, dyspnea, EKG changes, Elevated cardic enzymes
Tasko-Tsubo
42
Caused by fibrous fat replacing myocardium leading to wall motion abnormalities Right ventricle will dilated and thin causing an arrhythmia
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy | ARVC
43
Symptoms of this cardiomyopathy- most common asymptomatic palpitations, chest pain, *arrhythmia with frequent PVC's dyspnea, syncope or sudden death
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy | ARVC
44
Symptoms of this cardiomyopathy-Heart failure, S3, tachycardia arrhythmia followed by days-weeks of a viral infection
Myocarditits
45
What is the gold standard test for Myocarditits
Biopsy * | viral titers
46
What cardiomyopathy- left ventral apical dyskinesia | cardiac cath- left ventricular ballooning
Task-Tsubo
47
Treatment for Myocarditits
Treat like HF 1. BBlocker 2. ACE-I 3. ARB 4. Limit acitivty for 6 months
48
what medication do you need to avoid in Myocarditits | it will increase mortality !
NSAIDS - thats why you need to be sure its not pericarditis your treating
49
Treatment for Task-Tsubo
Rule out MI 1. Asprin 2. BBlockers 3. ACE-I
50
Treatment for Peripartum Cardiomyopathy- PPCM
Treat like HF 1. BBlocker 2. ACE- I 3. diurectis
51
Treatment for Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy ARVC
Treat like HF 1. antiarrhythmic drugs 2. ICD implatation 3. Activity restriction

Cardiomyopathies (1 decks)

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