Cardiomyopathies and CHF Flashcards
What is the end result of all 3 cardiomyopathies if left untreated?
CHF
What are the systolic and the diastolic dysfunction cardiomyopathies?
Systolic: Dilated cardiomyopathy
Diastolic: Hypertrophic and Restrictive cardiomyopathy
(dilated=too thin to pump well; hypertrophic=too jacked to be pliable; restrictive=too stiff)
Pt presents with pulmonary edema, and his EKG is low voltage with diminished QRS complexes. Does he have a systolic or diastolic dysfunction?
Diastolic
characteristic of Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Pt presents with consistently high blood sugar, hi AST and ALT, and a killer tan. Lately he’s been having trouble breathing and his lower legs are getting fatter. Does this dude have a systolic or diastolic dysfunction, and what is the mechanism by which he acquired this disease?
diastolic dysfunction
has Hemochromatosis (diabetes+cirrhosis+tan)
its AR inheritance
leads to RESTRICTIVE cardiomyopathy
List the causes of the most common type of cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic + A B 4C D
(alcoholism, wet Beriberi, Children/peripartem, Chagas, Coxsackie B, Cocaine, Doxorubicin toxicity)
S3 is commonly seen in pathologies involving ________, but is normal in _________
shitty ventricles (ex: dilated cardiomyopathy, CHF, MR)
children+pregnant women
S4 (aka atrial kick) occurs in late diastole and is associated with a ______
stiff ventricle (ex: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)
In dilated cardiomyopathy, due to the overstretching of the heart, what are common complications?
bicuspid and tricuspid regurgitation
A young athlete dies on the field. A biopsy of the heart reveals disoriented, tangled, hypertrophied myocytes. What is the most common mutation involving the heart problem, and how is it acquired?
AD mutation in the sarcomere proteins
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can thicken the IV septum so much that _______
it creates a functional aortic stenosis
A doofus pt presents because he keeps tripping on stuff. The arches on his feet are super hi, his back is crooked as shit, and he mumbles when he talks. Tell me whatcha know about it and how this dude will most likely die.
Friedrich’s Ataxia
(GAA repeat in frataxin gene, a mitochondrial protein, AR)
Die of HYPERTROPHIC cardiomyopathy
List the causes of Restrictive cardiomyopathy
L SHAPE (or HE SLAP)
Loffler syndrome (eosinophilia+heart fibrosis)
Sarcoidosis (NC granuloma, black lady, hi ACE)
Hemachromatosis (bronze diabetes)
Amyloidosis (congo red, apple green biref)
Postradiation fibrosis
Endocardial fibroelastosis (kids)
Left heart failure presents in the _______
lungs (pulmonary edema, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, crackles)
What cells are characteristic in the lungs during L heart failure?
hemosiderin laden macrophages
What about being supine makes a L CHF pt have orthopnea?
increased venous return while supine
