Cardiomyopathies Flashcards
What is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?
The left ventricle becomes hypertrophic, which also affects the septum of the heart, ad causes left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
What is the inheritance of HOCM?
Autosomal dominant
What is the presentation of HOCM?
Most patients are asymptomatic
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Dizziness
Syncope
Chest pain
Palpitations
What is HOCM associated with an increased risk of?
Heart failure
MI
Arrhythmias
Sudden cardiac death
What are the examination findings in HOCM?
Ejection systolic murmur
Fourth heart sound
Thrill at lower left sternal border
What initial investigations are performed in HOCM?
ECG - left ventricular hypertrophy
CXR - normal
What investigations are diagnostic of HOCM?
Echocardiogram
Cardiac MRI
What is the management of HOCM?
ABCDE
A - amiodarone
B - beta blockers (or verapamil)
C - cardioverter defibrillator
D - dual chamber pacemaker
E - endocarditis prophylaxis
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
A dilated heart, leading to systolic dysfunction
What are the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Idiopathic - most common
Myocarditis
Ischaemic heart disease
Hypertension
Iatrogenic
Substance abuse
Inherited
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Where the heart becomes rigid and stiff, leading to impaired ventricular filling during diastole
