Cardiomyopathies Flashcards
What are the main types of cardiomyopathies? Which is the most common and least common?
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (most common)
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy (least common)
Etiology of dilated cardiomypathies?
Idiopathic (most common)
Ischemic heart disease (most common identifiable cause)
Thyroid disease Peripartum disease Infection Infiltrative disease Hypertension Drugs (cocaine) Genetic Alcoholism
Etiology of restrictive cardiomyopathies?
Idiopathic Familial Sarcoidosis Amyloidosis Hemochromatosis Scleroderma Diabetes Metastatic cancers
What is the diagnostic test of choice to distinguish between the different cardiomyopathies?
Echocardiogram
What is the only definitely way to diagnose to cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Biopsy - but it can usually be inferred when multiple organs are involved
How do you differentiate the type of cardiomyopathies by their contractility, dysfunction, and treatment?
What is hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and what kind of patient is the classic diagnosis for it?
The septum causing an obstruction to normal blood flow out of the aorta, classically the diagnosis when a young healthy athlete dies suddenly during exercise
What are the pharmacological treatments and contraindications in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathies?
Treated with beta blockers
Contraindication with diuretics
What is Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?
Sudden weakening of the myocardium resulting in ballooning of the left ventricular apex (shape resembles a Japanese octopus pot)
Also known as apical balloon syndrome, stress cardiomyopathy, & “broken heart syndrome”
What would you diagnose with this ECG?
Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
How do you treat hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in the emergency department?
The same way as ACS. It looks similar to MI so you would treat it that way
Aspirin BB Nitrates Heparin or Enoxaparin Morphine Clopidogrel or Ticagrelor Platelet glycogen IIb/IIIa inhibitors
