Cardiology Quiz 7 Flashcards
Unstable angina:
A) occurs following periods of strenuous exertion.
B) is less frequent but is associated with more pain.
C) indicates that myocardial necrosis has occurred.
D) often awakens the patient from his or her sleep.
D) often awakens the patient from his or her sleep.
Which of the following conditions would likely cause the blood pressure to vary between the left arm and right arm?
A) Aortic aneurysm
B) Left heart failure
C) Cor pulmonale
D) Cardiac tamponade
A) Aortic aneurysm
Atherosclerosis is a process in which:
A) the outer wall of a coronary artery becomes lined with masses of fatty tissue.
B) plaque ruptures from a distant location and lodges in one of the coronary arteries.
C) plaque infiltrates the arterial wall, decreasing its elasticity and narrowing its lumen.
D) calcium precipitates into the arterial walls, greatly reducing the artery’s elasticity.
C) plaque infiltrates the arterial wall, decreasing its elasticity and narrowing its lumen.
Cardiac-related chest pain may be palliated by:
A) nitroglycerin
B) stress
C) mild exercise
D) exertion
A) nitroglycerin
Cardiac tamponade can be differentiated from a tension pneumothorax by the presence of:
A) equal breath sounds.
B) jugular venous distention.
C) alterations in the QRS amplitude
D) a narrowing pulse pressure.
A) equal breath sounds.
In the context of cardiac compromise, syncope occurs due to a(n):
A) increase in vagal tone.
B) acute increase in heart rate.
C) drop in cerebral perfusion.
D) sudden cardiac dysrhythmia.
C) drop in cerebral perfusion.
A patient in cardiogenic shock without cardiac arrhythmias will benefit most from:
A) rapid transport to an appropriate hospital.
B) supplemental oxygen.
C) a 250-mL bolus of a crystalloid solution.
D) a high-dose vasopressor infusion.
A) rapid transport to an appropriate hospital.
Cardiac symptoms of myocarditis usually appear how many days after the onset of initial symptoms?
A) 4 to 6
B) 10 to 14
C) 16 to 28
D) 1 to 2
B) 10 to 14
Disruption of blood flow into the left common carotid artery would likely produce signs and symptoms of a(n):
A) hemorrhagic stroke.
B) pericardial tamponade.
C) ischemic stroke.
D) myocardial infarction.
C) ischemic stroke.
In addition to supplemental oxygen, treatment of a patient with left ventricular failure includes:
A) an IV of normal saline, a 20-mL/kg fluid bolus, and a diuretic medication.
B) an IV of normal saline to keep the vein open and nitroglycerin.
C) saline lock and a selective beta-2 adrenergic medication.
D) a saline lock, fentanyl, and intubation facilitated by pharmacologic agents.
B) an IV of normal saline to keep the vein open and nitroglycerin.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is often associated with:
A) unexplained cardiac arrest.
B) multiple coronary occlusions.
C) low blood pressure.
D) emotional stress.
D) emotional stress.
The treatment for cardiogenic shock is generally focused on:
A) infusing enough IV fluid to maintain a systolic BP of 110 mm Hg.
B) strengthening cardiac contractility without increasing the heart rate.
C) increasing the heart rate to improve cardiac output and cerebral perfusion.
D) administering nitroglycerin to improve perfusion to the myocardium.
B) strengthening cardiac contractility without increasing the heart rate.
Which of the following clinical signs would you likely observe in a patient with right ventricular failure?
A) Hepatomegaly
B) Hemoptysis
C) Third heart sound
D) Accessory muscle use
A) Hepatomegaly
Which of the following interventions would most likely be performed en route to the hospital during a lengthy transport of a patient with a suspected myocardial infarction?
A) 12-lead electrocardiography
B) IV therapy and analgesia
C) Aspirin administration
D) Supplemental oxygen
B) IV therapy and analgesia
Which of the following mechanisms causes hypertension?
A) Atherosclerotic plaque narrows one or more of the coronary arteries, resulting in increased cardiac perfusion.
B) Arteriosclerosis results in increased elasticity of the arteries, causing vasodilation and increased arteriolar capacity.
C) Increased afterload stimulates the Frank-Starling reflex, which raises the pressure behind the blood leaving the heart.
D) Heart rate that is persistently above 80 beats/min causes an increase in cardiac output and a resultant increase in blood pressure.)
C) Increased afterload stimulates the Frank-Starling reflex, which raises the pressure behind the blood leaving the heart.
Which of the following would be considered an anginal equivalent in a patient with myocardial ischemia?
A) Generalized weakness
B) Acute hyperactivity
C) Severe headache
D) Bilateral leg pain
A) Generalized weakness
Which of the following clinical findings is suggestive of a peripheral vascular disorder?
A) A bruit heard over the carotid artery
B) Pain in the right arm when lifting
C) An S3 sound during auscultation of the heart
D) Swelling and pain along the fingers
A) A bruit heard over the carotid artery
Which of the following is a common complaint in patients experiencing an acute coronary syndrome?
A) Headache
B) Cough
C) Fatigue
D) Diarrhea
C) Fatigue
Which of the following is the most common cause of cor pulmonale?
A) Hypertension
B) Stable angina
C) Acute MI
D) COPD
D) COPD
Which of the following situations would contraindicate the administration of nitroglycerin?
A) the presence of a right ventricular infarct
B) systolic BP less than 110mmHg
C) Hypersensitivity to salicylates
D) Use of Plavix within the last 12 hours
A) the presence of a right ventricular infarct
