Cardiology Ischemic Conditions

Question 1

Angina Pectoris

Answer 1

Or simply angina—is chest pain or discomfort that keeps coming back. It happens when some part of your heart doesn’t get enough blood and oxygen. Angina can be a symptom of coronary artery disease (CAD).
SYMPTOMS: Angina pain is often described as squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness or pain in the chest. It may feel like a heavy weight lying on the chest. Angina may be a new pain that needs to be checked by a health care provider, or recurring pain that goes away with treatment
CAUSE: Anything that causes your heart muscle to need more blood or oxygen supply can result in angina. Risk factors include physical activity, emotional stress, extreme cold and heat, heavy meals, drinking excessive alcohol, and cigarette smoking.

Question 2

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Answer 2

A condition that affects your coronary arteries, which supply blood to your heart. With CAD, plaque buildup narrows or blocks one or more of your coronary arteries. Chest discomfort (angina) is the most common symptom. CAD can lead to a heart attack or other complications like arrhythmia or heart failure.
SYMPTOMS: Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
Weakness, light-headedness, nausea (feeling sick to your stomach), or a cold sweat.
Pain or discomfort in the arms or shoulder.
Shortness of breath
CAUSE: Overweight, physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, and smoking tobacco are risk factors for CAD. A family history of heart disease also increases your risk for CAD, especially a family history of having heart disease at an early age (50 or younger).

Question 3

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 3

A heart attack (medically known as a myocardial infarction) is a deadly medical emergency where your heart muscle begins to die because it isn’t getting enough blood flow. A blockage in the arteries that supply blood to your heart usually causes this. If a healthcare provider doesn’t restore blood flow quickly, a heart attack can cause permanent heart damage and death.
SYMPTOMS: Heart attack signs and symptoms in men and women: Chest pain or discomfort; Shortness of breath; Pain or discomfort in the jaw, neck, back, arm, or shoulder; Feeling nauseous, light-headed, or unusually tired.
CAUSE: happens when a part of the heart muscle doesn’t get enough blood. The more time that passes without treatment to restore blood flow, the greater the damage to the heart muscle. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main cause of heart attack

Question 4

Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease

Answer 4

Ischemic heart disease refers to heart weakening caused by reduced blood flow to your heart. Typically, this reduced blood flow is the result of coronary artery disease, a condition that occurs when your coronary arteries narrow. Ischemic heart disease may also be called cardiac ischemia or ischemic cardiomyopath Ischemic means that an organ (e.g., the heart) is not getting enough blood and oxygen. Ischemic heart disease, also called coronary heart disease (CHD) or coronary artery disease, is the term given to heart problems caused by narrowed heart (coronary) arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.
SYMPTOMS: Neck or jaw pain.
Shoulder or arm pain.
A fast heartbeat.
Shortness of breath when you are physically active.
Nausea and vomiting.
Sweating.
Fatigue.
CAUSE: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of myocardial ischemia. Blood clot. The plaques that develop in atherosclerosis can rupture, causing a blood clot. The clot might block an artery and lead to sudden, severe myocardial ischemia, resulting in a heart attack