Cardiology I

Question 1

What does ASCVD Risk Calculator calculate

Answer 1

Risk of FIRST EVENT

Question 2

What are the components of the ASCVD Risk Calculator

Answer 2

Age, Race, Gender, Tot Chol, HDL, SBP, On BP Meds?, Diabetes, Smoking status

Question 3

ASA Primary Prevention < 50 years old

Answer 3

Not recommended

Question 4

ASA Primary Prevention 50-59 years old

Answer 4

Recommended if:
10-year ASCVD risk > or = 10% AND Life Expectancy is > or = 10 years

Question 5

ASA Primary Prevention 60-69 years old

Answer 5

Recommended if:
10-year ASCVD risk > or = 10%

Question 6

ASA Prevention > 70 years old

Answer 6

Not Recommended

Question 7

Elevated BP Category

Answer 7

120-129 / < 80
Non-pharm Only
Reassess 3-6 months

Question 8

HTN Stage 1

Answer 8

130-139 / 80-89 + Hx ASCVD, Diabetes, CKD, or 10 yr ASCVD > or = 10
MONO-therapy + Non-Pharm
Reassess 1 month

IF No Risk Factors listed above
Non-Pharm ONLY
Reassess 3-6 months

Question 9

HTN Stage 2

Answer 9

140-149 / 90-99
DUAL Therapy + Non-Pharm
Reassess 1 month

Question 10

General BP goal for all populations

Answer 10

< 130/80

Question 11

Possible reason for Chlorthalidone over HCTZ

Answer 11

POTENTIAL CV benefits
Long Half-Life

Question 12

When is an ACE/ARB preferred in Diabetes + HTN

Answer 12

IF Albuminuria

Question 13

Avoid Alpha-antagonists (Doxazosin, Prazosin, etc) in:

Answer 13

ASCVD/HF ==> Can lead to exacerbations due to increased stress on heart

Question 14

Hydralazine Reduces

Answer 14

Nitrate Intolerance

Question 15

Hypertensive Crisis

Answer 15

> 180 / > 120 ==> End Organ damage

Question 16

Lipid Panel Conditions

Answer 16

May be done Fasting or Non-Fasting
Inaccurate if TG > 400 mg/dL

Question 17

Expected LDL Reductions

Answer 17

High: > or = 50%
Medium: 30-49%
Low: < 30%

Question 18

Secondary ASCVD Prevention + Age < or = 75 y/o

Answer 18

High-Intensity Therapy

Question 19

IF < 50% LDL Reduction on High-Intensity Therapy ==>

Answer 19

Add Ezetimibe or PCSK9 mAb

Question 20

ASCVD + > 75 y/o

Answer 20

Moderate-Intensity Therapy

Question 21

Primary Prevention

Answer 21

LDL > or = 190 mg/dL + 20-75 y/o ==> High-Intensity Therapy

Question 22

If LDL Reduction < 50%

Answer 22

Add Ezetimibe or PCSK9 mAb

Question 23

Diabetes patient on Moderate-Intensity therapy

Answer 23

Age 40-75 y/o
LDL < 190 mg/dL

Question 24

Diabetes patient on High-Intensity therapy (No ASCVD)

Answer 24

Age 40-75 y/o
LDL < 190 mg/dL
+
ASCVD > or = 7.5% + Risk Enhancers

Question 25

Risk Enhancers

Answer 25

T2DM > or = 10 years
Albuminuria (> or = 30 mcg/mg)
eGFR < 60 mL/min
Retinopathy
Neuropathy
ABI < 0.9

Question 26

Diabetes + Age 20-39 + LDL 70-189 + Risk Enhancers ==>

Answer 26

Moderate-Intensity therapy

Question 27

No DM/ASCVD + Age 40-75 + LDL < 189 mg/dL

Answer 27

ASCVD Risk Score > or = 7.5%