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MRCP > Cardiology ECGs > Flashcards

Cardiology ECGs Flashcards

1
Q

ECG features of WPW

A

Short PR
Wide QRS with slurred upstroke delta wave
LAD with R accessory pathway
RAD with L accessory pathway

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2
Q

Congenital causes of prolonged QT

A

Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome
Romano-Ward syndrome

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3
Q

Causes of prolonged QT

A

Hypocalcaemia
Hypokalaemia
Hypomagnasaemia
hypothermia
Acute MI
Myocarditis
SaH

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4
Q

Drug causes of prolonged QT

A

Amiodarone, sotalol
Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide
TCA
fluoxetine
chloroquine
terfenadine
erythromycin

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5
Q

ECG hypokalaemia

A

U waves
Small/absent T waves
Prolonged PR interval
ST depression
Long QT

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6
Q

Causes of LBBB

A

MI
hypertension
aortic stenosis
cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic fibrosis, digoxin, hyperkalaemia

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7
Q

ECG features of digoxin

A

Down-sloping ST depression
Flattened/inverted T waves
Short QT interval
Arrhythmias (AV block, bradycardia)

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8
Q

Causes of RBBB

A

Normal variant
RVH
Cor pulmonale
PE
MI
ASD
Cardiomyopathy or myocarditis

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9
Q

Anteroseptal MI

A

V1-V4
LAD artery

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10
Q

Inferior mI

A

II, III, aVF
Right coronary

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11
Q

Anterolateral MI

A

V1-6, I, aVL
Proximal LAD

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12
Q

Lateral MI

A

I, aVL, +/- V5-6
Left circumflex

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13
Q

Posterior MI

A

Changes in V1-3
Left circumflex and right coronary
Reciprocal changes of STEMI

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14
Q

Reciprocal changes of posterior STEMI

A

Horizontal ST depression
Tall, broad R waves
Upright T waves
Dominant R wave in V2

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15
Q

Causes of peaked T waves

A

Hyperkalaemia
MI

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16
Q

Causes of inverted T waves

A

MI
Digoxin toxicirt
SaH
Arrhythmogenic RV cardiomyopathy
PE (S1Q3T3)
Brugada syndrome

17
Q

ECG hypothermia

A

Bradycardia
J wave (small hump after QRS)
First degree heart block
Long QT interval
Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

18
Q

ECG ST depression

A

Secondary to abnormal QRS
Ischaemia
Digoxin
Hypokalaemia
Syndrome X

19
Q

Causes of prolonged PR interval

A

idiopathic
ischaemic heart disease
digoxin toxicity
hypokalaemia
rheumatic fever
aortic root pathology
Lyme disease
sarcoidosis
myotonic dystrophy

20
Q

Causes of short PR interval

A

WPW

21
Q

Causes of left axis deviation

A

left anterior hemiblock
left bundle branch block
inferior myocardial infarction
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome - right-sided accessory pathway
hyperkalaemia
congenital: ostium primum ASD, tricuspid atresia
minor LAD in obese people

22
Q

Causes of RAD

A

right ventricular hypertrophy
left posterior hemiblock
lateral myocardial infarction
chronic lung disease → cor pulmonale
pulmonary embolism
ostium secundum ASD
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome* - left-sided accessory pathway
normal in infant < 1 years old
minor RAD in tall people

23
Q

Normal ECG variants in an athlete

A

sinus bradycardia
junctional rhythm
first degree heart block
Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach phenomenon

24
Q

Causes of ST elevation

A

myocardial infarction
pericarditis/myocarditis
normal variant - ‘high take-off’
left ventricular aneurysm
Prinzmetal’s angina (coronary artery spasm)
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
rare: subarachnoid haemorrhage

25
Q

STEMI criteria

A

≥ 2 contiguous leads of:
2.5 mm ST elevation in leads V2-3 in men under 40 years, or ≥ 2.0 mm (i.e ≥ 2 small squares) ST elevation in leads V2-3 in men over 40 years
1.5 mm ST elevation in V2-3 in women
1 mm ST elevation in other leads
new LBBB

26
Q

ECG changes acute pericarditis

A

Saddle shaped ST elevation
PR depression (most specific)

27
Q

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

A

ECG abnormalities in V1-3, typically T wave inversion. An epsilon wave is found in about 50% of those with ARV - this is best described as a terminal notch in the QRS complex

28
Q

Brugada syndrome

A

convex ST segment elevation > 2mm in > 1 of V1-V3 followed by a negative T wave
partial right bundle branch block
the ECG changes may be more apparent following the administration of flecainide or ajmaline - this is the investigation of choice in suspected cases of Brugada syndrome

29
Q

HOCM ECG findings

A

left ventricular hypertrophy
non-specific ST segment and T-wave abnormalities, progressive T wave inversion may be seen
deep Q waves
atrial fibrillation may occasionally be seen

30
Q
A

MRCP (2 decks)

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