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FY2 Stand-alone MMH Cardiology / GIM > Cardiology Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiology Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Drug: Digoxin
Dosage:

A

Oral Loading Dose: 500 micrograms twice daily for 1 day.

Maintenance Dose: 62.5–250 micrograms daily.

IV Loading Dose: 500 micrograms by infusion over 60 minutes.

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2
Q

Drug: Indapamide
Dosage:

Thiazide diuretic

A

2.5 mg once daily.

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3
Q

Drug: Bendroflumethiazide
Dosage:

A

2.5 mg once daily

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4
Q

Drug: Furosemide
Dosage:

Loop diuretic

A

Oral: 20 mg to 80 mg daily.

IV: Single dose up to 80 mg rapidly.

Continuous IV infusion: 250 mg made up to 50 mL with sodium chloride 0.9%, run at 2 mL/hour (usual rate: 0.5–4 mL/hour).

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5
Q

Drug: Bumetanide
Dosage:

Loop diuretic

A

Oral: 1 mg to 2 mg once daily.

IV: Dosing as per clinical requirements.

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6
Q

Drug: Spironolactone
Dosage:

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics and Aldosterone Antagonists

A

25 mg to 50 mg daily.

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7
Q

Drug: Eplerenone
Dosage:

Potassium-Sparing Diuretics and Aldosterone Antagonists

A

Initial: 25 mg once daily.

Maintenance: 50 mg once daily.

For initiation within 3–14 days post-MI for patients with heart failure.

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8
Q

Drug: Adenosine
Dosage:

For Supraventricular Arrhythmias

A

6 mg/2 mL injection (refer to IV administration guidelines)

6mg - 12 mg - 18 mg

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9
Q

Drug: Digoxin
Dosage:

For Supraventricular Arrhythmias

A

Oral: 62.5 mcg, 125 mcg, or 250 mcg tablets.

Elixir: 50 mcg/mL.

Injection: 500 mcg/2 mL (adult) or 100 mcg/mL (pediatric special).

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10
Q

Drug: Verapamil
Dosage:

For Supraventricular Arrhythmias

A

Tablets: 40 mg.

Modified-release (MR) capsules: 120 mg or 240 mg.

IV: 5 mg/2 mL injection.

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11
Q

Drug: Dronedarone
Dosage:

For Supraventricular Arrhythmias

A

400 mg tablets.

Note: For atrial fibrillation, initiation by cardiologists only.

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12
Q

Drug: Amiodarone
Dosage:

For Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias

A

Oral: 200 mg three times daily for 2 weeks, then 200 mg once daily for maintenance.

IV: 300 mg/10 mL syringe, with rapid loading dose of 150 mg/3 mL.

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13
Q

Drug: Disopyramide
Dosage:

For Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias

A

Immediate-release: 100 mg or 150 mg capsules.

Modified-release: 250 mg tablets.

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14
Q

Drug: Flecainide
Dosage:

For Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias

A

Oral: 50 mg or 100 mg tablets.

IV: 150 mg/15 mL injection.

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15
Q

Drug: Propafenone
Dosage:

For Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias

A

150 mg tablets.

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16
Q

Drug: Sotalol
Dosage:

For Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias

A

40 mg or 80 mg tablets.

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17
Q

Drug: Lidocaine (Lignocaine)
Dosage:

Ventricular Arrhythmias

A

IV: 0.4% (4 mg/mL) in 500 mL 5% glucose solution.

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18
Q

Drug: Atenolol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

A

Tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg.

Syrup: 25 mg/5 mL.

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19
Q

Drug: Bisoprolol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

A

For angina/hypertension: 5 mg or 10 mg tablets.

For heart failure: 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 3.75 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg tablets.

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20
Q

Drug: Carvedilol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

A

Tablets: 3.125 mg, 6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg.

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21
Q

Drug: Esmolol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

A

Injection: 100 mg/10 mL.

Infusion: 2,500 mg/250 mL pre-prepared solution.

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22
Q

Drug: Labetalol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

A

Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg.

Injection: 100 mg/20 mL.

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23
Q

Drug: Metoprolol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

A

Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg.

Injection: 5 mg/5 mL.

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24
Q

Drug: Sotalol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

A

40 mg or 80 mg tablets.

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25
Q

Drug: Propranolol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

A

Tablets: 10 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg.

Modified-release capsules: 80 mg, 160 mg.

Injection: 1 mg/mL.

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26
Q

Drug: Nebivolol
Dosage:

Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

A

Tablets: 5 mg.

Note: Reserved for use in heart failure.

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27
Q

Drug: Hydralazine
Dosage:

Vasodilator Antihypertensive Drugs

A

25 mg or 50 mg tablets.

Note: Reserved for use with isosorbide mononitrate for heart failure in patients intolerant to other therapies.

28
Q

Drug: Doxazosin
Dosage:

Alpha-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs

A

1 mg, 2 mg, or 4 mg tablets (OD regimen).

Note: Slow-release (XL) preparations are not recommended.

29
Q

Drug: Ramipril
Dosage:

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

A

1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg capsules.

30
Q

Drug: Lisinopril
Dosage:

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

A

2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, or 20 mg tablets.

31
Q

Drug: Perindopril
Dosage:

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

A

2 mg, 4 mg, or 8 mg tablets.

Note: Reserved for use post-stroke or in combination with thiazides.

32
Q

Drug: Losartan
Dosage:

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

A

50 mg or 100 mg tablets.

33
Q

Drug: Irbesartan
Dosage:

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

A

Initial: 75 mg daily (for patients >75 years).

Maintenance: 150 mg or 300 mg tablets.

34
Q

Drug: Candesartan
Dosage:

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

A

2 mg, 4 mg, 8 mg, or 16 mg tablets.

Note: Reserved for heart failure patients unresponsive to ACE inhibitors.

35
Q

Drug: Valsartan
Dosage:

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

A

40 mg, 80 mg, 160 mg, or 320 mg tablets.

Note: Reserved for post-MI in ACE-intolerant patients.

36
Q

Drug: Sacubitril/Valsartan
Dosage:

Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists

A

Initial: 24 mg/26 mg twice daily

Maintenance: 97 mg/103 mg twice daily.

Note: Initiation by a Heart Failure Specialist.

37
Q

Drug: Aliskiren
Dosage:

Renin Inhibitors

A

150 mg or 300 mg tablets.

Note: Consultant initiation for resistant hypertension or diabetic nephropathy.

38
Q

Drug: Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)
Dosage:

Nitrates

A

Sublingual Spray: 400 mcg/dose.

Buccal Tablets: 2 mg.

Transdermal Patches: 5 mg or 10 mg/24 hours.

IV Solution: 50 mg/50 mL. Start infusion at 10 mcg/min and titrate to response.

39
Q

Drug: Isosorbide Mononitrate
Dosage:

Nitrates

A

Immediate-Release Tablets: 10 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg twice daily.

Modified-Release Tablets: 30 mg, 60 mg, or 90 mg once daily.

40
Q

Drug: Amlodipine
Dosage:

Calcium-Channel Blockers

A

5 mg or 10 mg tablets once daily.

41
Q

Drug: Felodipine
Dosage:

Calcium-Channel Blockers

A

2.5 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg modified-release tablets once daily.

42
Q

Drug: Diltiazem
Dosage:

Calcium-Channel Blockers

A

Immediate-Release Tablets: 60 mg three times daily.

Modified-Release Tablets/Capsules:
90 mg or 120 mg twice daily.
200 mg or 300 mg once daily.

43
Q

Drug: Verapamil
Dosage:

Calcium-Channel Blockers

A

Immediate-Release Tablets: 40 mg three times daily.

Modified-Release Tablets: 120 mg or 240 mg once daily.

IV Injection: 5 mg/2 mL.

44
Q

Drug: Nimodipine
Dosage:

Calcium-Channel Blockers

A

Tablets: 30 mg every 4 hours for 21 days.

IV Infusion: 10 mg/50 mL.

45
Q

Drug: Nicorandil
Dosage:

Other Anti-Anginal Drugs

A

10 mg or 20 mg tablets twice daily.

46
Q

Drug: Ivabradine
Dosage:

Other Anti-Anginal Drugs

A

5 mg or 7.5 mg tablets twice daily.

Note: Initiated by a cardiologist for heart failure or angina.

47
Q

Drug: Ranolazine
Dosage:

Other Anti-Anginal Drugs

A

Initial Dose: 375 mg twice daily.

Maintenance Dose: 500 mg to 750 mg twice daily.

48
Q

Drug: Atorvastatin
Dosage:

Statins

A

20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg tablets once daily.

49
Q

Drug: Simvastatin
Dosage:

Statins

A

20 mg or 40 mg tablets once daily.

Note: Use as an alternative if atorvastatin is not tolerated.

50
Q

Drug: Pravastatin
Dosage:

Statins

A

40 mg tablets once daily.

Note: Use if atorvastatin is not tolerated.

51
Q

Drug: Bezafibrate
Dosage:

Fibrates

A

200 mg modified-release tablets once daily.

52
Q

Drug: Fenofibrate (Micronized)
Dosage:

Fibrates

A

Capsules: 67 mg once daily.

Modified-Release Tablets: 160 mg once daily.

53
Q

Drug: Colestyramine
Dosage:

Bile acide sequestrant

A

4 g sachet.

Note: Typically 1–4 sachets daily, adjusted as per patient need.

54
Q

Drug: Ezetimibe
Dosage:

A

10 mg tablets once daily.

Note: Use for primary hypercholesterolemia in certain cases.

55
Q

Drug: Alirocumab
Dosage:

A

75 mg/mL or 150 mg/mL pre-filled pen.

Administered subcutaneously every 2 weeks.

56
Q

Drug: Evolocumab
Dosage:

A

140 mg/mL subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks or 420 mg monthly.

57
Q

Drug: Aspirin
Dosage:

Antiplatelet Drugs

A

75 mg or 300 mg dispersible tablets daily.

Note: First-line antiplatelet unless contraindicated.

58
Q

Drug: Clopidogrel
Dosage:

Antiplatelet Drugs

A

75 mg tablets once daily.

Note: Used in patients intolerant to aspirin or for specific indications like stroke prevention.

59
Q

Drug: Dipyridamole
Dosage:

Antiplatelet Drugs

A

200 mg modified-release capsules twice daily.

Note: Often combined with aspirin for prevention of vascular events.75 mg tablets once daily.

60
Q

Drug: Prasugrel
Dosage:

Antiplatelet Drugs

A

Loading dose: 60 mg once.

Maintenance dose: 10 mg once daily (5 mg if body weight <60 kg).

Note: For patients undergoing PCI as per NICE guidelines.

61
Q

Drug: Ticagrelor
Dosage:

Antiplatelet Drugs

A

Loading dose: 180 mg once.

Maintenance dose: 90 mg twice daily.
Note: Combined with aspirin for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

60 mg twice daily.
Note: Used with aspirin for secondary prevention in high-risk patients post-MI.

62
Q

Drug: Tirofiban
Dosage:

Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor

A

Loading dose: 0.4 mcg/kg/min for 30 minutes.

Maintenance dose: 0.1 mcg/kg/min.

Note: Adjust dose by 50% for creatinine clearance <30 mL/min.

63
Q

Drug: Warfarin
Dosage:

A

Tablets: 1 mg or 3 mg once daily.

Note: Doses are individualized based on INR monitoring. Common INR target range is 2-3 for most indications.

64
Q

Drug: Apixaban
Dosage:

A

Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 5 mg twice daily.

VTE treatment: 10 mg twice daily for 7 days, then 5 mg twice daily.

65
Q

Drug: Rivaroxaban
Dosage:

A

Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 20 mg once daily.

DVT/PE treatment: 15 mg twice daily for 21 days, then 20 mg once daily.

66
Q

Drug: Dabigatran
Dosage:

A

Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 150 mg twice daily.

VTE treatment: 150 mg twice daily (after initial 5-10 days of parenteral anticoagulation).

67
Q

Drug: Edoxaban
Dosage:

A

Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 60 mg once daily.

VTE treatment: 60 mg once daily (reduce to 30 mg daily if body weight <60 kg or in renal impairment).

FY2 Stand-alone MMH Cardiology / GIM (4 decks)

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