Cardiology Drugs Flashcards
Drug: Digoxin
Dosage:
Oral Loading Dose: 500 micrograms twice daily for 1 day.
Maintenance Dose: 62.5–250 micrograms daily.
IV Loading Dose: 500 micrograms by infusion over 60 minutes.
Drug: Indapamide
Dosage:
Thiazide diuretic
2.5 mg once daily.
Drug: Bendroflumethiazide
Dosage:
2.5 mg once daily
Drug: Furosemide
Dosage:
Loop diuretic
Oral: 20 mg to 80 mg daily.
IV: Single dose up to 80 mg rapidly.
Continuous IV infusion: 250 mg made up to 50 mL with sodium chloride 0.9%, run at 2 mL/hour (usual rate: 0.5–4 mL/hour).
Drug: Bumetanide
Dosage:
Loop diuretic
Oral: 1 mg to 2 mg once daily.
IV: Dosing as per clinical requirements.
Drug: Spironolactone
Dosage:
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics and Aldosterone Antagonists
25 mg to 50 mg daily.
Drug: Eplerenone
Dosage:
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics and Aldosterone Antagonists
Initial: 25 mg once daily.
Maintenance: 50 mg once daily.
For initiation within 3–14 days post-MI for patients with heart failure.
Drug: Adenosine
Dosage:
For Supraventricular Arrhythmias
6 mg/2 mL injection (refer to IV administration guidelines)
6mg - 12 mg - 18 mg
Drug: Digoxin
Dosage:
For Supraventricular Arrhythmias
Oral: 62.5 mcg, 125 mcg, or 250 mcg tablets.
Elixir: 50 mcg/mL.
Injection: 500 mcg/2 mL (adult) or 100 mcg/mL (pediatric special).
Drug: Verapamil
Dosage:
For Supraventricular Arrhythmias
Tablets: 40 mg.
Modified-release (MR) capsules: 120 mg or 240 mg.
IV: 5 mg/2 mL injection.
Drug: Amiodarone
Dosage:
For Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias
Oral: 200 mg three times daily for 2 weeks, then 200 mg once daily for maintenance.
IV: 300 mg/10 mL syringe, with rapid loading dose of 150 mg/3 mL.
Drug: Flecainide
Dosage:
For Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias
Oral: 50 mg or 100 mg tablets.
IV: 150 mg/15 mL injection.
Drug: Sotalol
Dosage:
For Supraventricular and Ventricular Arrhythmias
40 mg or 80 mg tablets.
Drug: Lidocaine (Lignocaine)
Dosage:
Ventricular Arrhythmias
IV: 0.4% (4 mg/mL) in 500 mL 5% glucose solution.
Drug: Atenolol
Dosage:
Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs
Tablets: 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg.
Syrup: 25 mg/5 mL.
Drug: Bisoprolol
Dosage:
Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs
For angina/hypertension: 5 mg or 10 mg tablets.
For heart failure: 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 3.75 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg tablets.
Drug: Carvedilol
Dosage:
Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs
Tablets: 3.125 mg, 6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg.
Drug: Esmolol
Dosage:
Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs
Injection: 100 mg/10 mL.
Infusion: 2,500 mg/250 mL pre-prepared solution.
Drug: Labetalol
Dosage:
Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs
Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg.
Injection: 100 mg/20 mL.
Drug: Metoprolol
Dosage:
Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs
Tablets: 50 mg, 100 mg.
Injection: 5 mg/5 mL.
Drug: Sotalol
Dosage:
Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs
40 mg or 80 mg tablets.
Drug: Propranolol
Dosage:
Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs
Tablets: 10 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg.
Modified-release capsules: 80 mg, 160 mg.
Injection: 1 mg/mL.
Drug: Nebivolol
Dosage:
Beta-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs
Tablets: 5 mg.
Note: Reserved for use in heart failure.
Drug: Hydralazine
Dosage:
Vasodilator Antihypertensive Drugs
25 mg or 50 mg tablets.
Note: Reserved for use with isosorbide mononitrate for heart failure in patients intolerant to other therapies.
Drug: Doxazosin
Dosage:
Alpha-Adrenoreceptor Blocking Drugs
1 mg, 2 mg, or 4 mg tablets (OD regimen).
Note: Slow-release (XL) preparations are not recommended.
Drug: Ramipril
Dosage:
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg capsules.
Drug: Lisinopril
Dosage:
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, or 20 mg tablets.
Drug: Perindopril
Dosage:
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
2 mg, 4 mg, or 8 mg tablets.
Note: Reserved for use post-stroke or in combination with thiazides.
Drug: Losartan
Dosage:
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
50 mg or 100 mg tablets.
Drug: Irbesartan
Dosage:
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
Initial: 75 mg daily (for patients >75 years).
Maintenance: 150 mg or 300 mg tablets.
Drug: Candesartan
Dosage:
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
2 mg, 4 mg, 8 mg, or 16 mg tablets.
Note: Reserved for heart failure patients unresponsive to ACE inhibitors.
Drug: Valsartan
Dosage:
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
40 mg, 80 mg, 160 mg, or 320 mg tablets.
Note: Reserved for post-MI in ACE-intolerant patients.
Drug: Sacubitril/Valsartan
Dosage:
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
Initial: 24 mg/26 mg twice daily
Maintenance: 97 mg/103 mg twice daily.
Note: Initiation by a Heart Failure Specialist.
Drug: Aliskiren
Dosage:
Renin Inhibitors
150 mg or 300 mg tablets.
Note: Consultant initiation for resistant hypertension or diabetic nephropathy.
Drug: Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)
Dosage:
Nitrates
Sublingual Spray: 400 mcg/dose.
Buccal Tablets: 2 mg.
Transdermal Patches: 5 mg or 10 mg/24 hours.
IV Solution: 50 mg/50 mL. Start infusion at 10 mcg/min and titrate to response.
Drug: Isosorbide Mononitrate
Dosage:
Nitrates
Immediate-Release Tablets: 10 mg, 20 mg, or 40 mg twice daily.
Modified-Release Tablets: 30 mg, 60 mg, or 90 mg once daily.
Drug: Amlodipine
Dosage:
Calcium-Channel Blockers
5 mg or 10 mg tablets once daily.
Drug: Felodipine
Dosage:
Calcium-Channel Blockers
2.5 mg, 5 mg, or 10 mg modified-release tablets once daily.
Drug: Diltiazem
Dosage:
Calcium-Channel Blockers
Immediate-Release Tablets: 60 mg three times daily.
Modified-Release Tablets/Capsules:
90 mg or 120 mg twice daily.
200 mg or 300 mg once daily.
Drug: Verapamil
Dosage:
Calcium-Channel Blockers
Immediate-Release Tablets: 40 mg three times daily.
Modified-Release Tablets: 120 mg or 240 mg once daily.
IV Injection: 5 mg/2 mL.
Drug: Nimodipine
Dosage:
Calcium-Channel Blockers
Tablets: 30 mg every 4 hours for 21 days.
IV Infusion: 10 mg/50 mL.
Drug: Nicorandil
Dosage:
Other Anti-Anginal Drugs
10 mg or 20 mg tablets twice daily.
Drug: Ivabradine
Dosage:
Other Anti-Anginal Drugs
5 mg or 7.5 mg tablets twice daily.
Note: Initiated by a cardiologist for heart failure or angina.
Drug: Ranolazine
Dosage:
Other Anti-Anginal Drugs
Initial Dose: 375 mg twice daily.
Maintenance Dose: 500 mg to 750 mg twice daily.
Drug: Atorvastatin
Dosage:
Statins
20 mg, 40 mg, or 80 mg tablets once daily.
Drug: Simvastatin
Dosage:
Statins
20 mg or 40 mg tablets once daily.
Note: Use as an alternative if atorvastatin is not tolerated.
Drug: Pravastatin
Dosage:
Statins
40 mg tablets once daily.
Note: Use if atorvastatin is not tolerated.
Drug: Bezafibrate
Dosage:
Fibrates
200 mg modified-release tablets once daily.
Drug: Fenofibrate (Micronized)
Dosage:
Fibrates
Capsules: 67 mg once daily.
Modified-Release Tablets: 160 mg once daily.
Drug: Colestyramine
Dosage:
Bile acide sequestrant
4 g sachet.
Note: Typically 1–4 sachets daily, adjusted as per patient need.
Drug: Ezetimibe
Dosage:
10 mg tablets once daily.
Note: Use for primary hypercholesterolemia in certain cases.
Drug: Alirocumab
Dosage:
75 mg/mL or 150 mg/mL pre-filled pen.
Administered subcutaneously every 2 weeks.
Drug: Evolocumab
Dosage:
140 mg/mL subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks or 420 mg monthly.
Drug: Aspirin
Dosage:
Antiplatelet Drugs
75 mg or 300 mg dispersible tablets daily.
Note: First-line antiplatelet unless contraindicated.
Drug: Clopidogrel
Dosage:
Antiplatelet Drugs
75 mg tablets once daily.
Note: Used in patients intolerant to aspirin or for specific indications like stroke prevention.
Drug: Dipyridamole
Dosage:
Antiplatelet Drugs
200 mg modified-release capsules twice daily.
Note: Often combined with aspirin for prevention of vascular events.75 mg tablets once daily.
Drug: Prasugrel
Dosage:
Antiplatelet Drugs
Loading dose: 60 mg once.
Maintenance dose: 10 mg once daily (5 mg if body weight <60 kg).
Note: For patients undergoing PCI as per NICE guidelines.
Drug: Ticagrelor
Dosage:
Antiplatelet Drugs
Loading dose: 180 mg once.
Maintenance dose: 90 mg twice daily.
Note: Combined with aspirin for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
60 mg twice daily.
Note: Used with aspirin for secondary prevention in high-risk patients post-MI.
Drug: Tirofiban
Dosage:
Glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor
Loading dose: 0.4 mcg/kg/min for 30 minutes.
Maintenance dose: 0.1 mcg/kg/min.
Note: Adjust dose by 50% for creatinine clearance <30 mL/min.
Drug: Warfarin
Dosage:
Tablets: 1 mg or 3 mg once daily.
Note: Doses are individualized based on INR monitoring. Common INR target range is 2-3 for most indications.
Drug: Apixaban
Dosage:
Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 5 mg twice daily.
VTE treatment: 10 mg twice daily for 7 days, then 5 mg twice daily.
Drug: Rivaroxaban
Dosage:
Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 20 mg once daily.
DVT/PE treatment: 15 mg twice daily for 21 days, then 20 mg once daily.
Drug: Dabigatran
Dosage:
Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 150 mg twice daily.
VTE treatment: 150 mg twice daily (after initial 5-10 days of parenteral anticoagulation).
Drug: Edoxaban
Dosage:
Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: 60 mg once daily.
VTE treatment: 60 mg once daily (reduce to 30 mg daily if body weight <60 kg or in renal impairment).
