Cardiology Colloqium 1 Flashcards
What features of a murmur aid in diagnosis?
loudness and character
A murmur is caused by
Turbulence at pressure gradients (i.e. narrowed valves)
Systolic murmurs reflect
Aortic stenosis:
narrowed aortic valve
gradient btw LV and Ao
gradient rises on systolic ejection (c-d)
OR
Mitral regurgitation:
leaking mitral valve
pressure gradient btw LV and LA
high gradient throughout systole (pansystolic)
Pansystolic murmors are
The same intensity through systole
e.g. mitral regurgitation
Crescendo-Decrescendo murmurs
Increase and decrease throughout systole
e.g. aortic stenosis
A murmur in aortic stenosis is
crescendo-decrescendo
A murmur in mitral regurgitation is
Pansystolic
S1 is
Closure of the mitral valve to opening of aortic valve
(start of systole)
S2 is
Aortic valve closure to mitral valve opening
(end of systole/start of diastole)
When will PAWP not measure LVEDP?
Mitral stenosis
PAWP assumes functionality of the mitral valve because we are measuring pressure when the AV (mitral/bicuspid) is closed (preload)
Elevated PAWP is indicative of?
Mitral regurgitation
(elevated LA pressure)
What is an automatic-focus tachycardia?
Single cell is going very fast, somewhere in the heart
*some dysrhythmias due to this
What is the re-entry mechanism of tachycardia?
Impulse distortion along various depolarization pathways
cause of most dysrhythmias
What is atrial flutter?
re-entry tachy circuit in RA
What is AV nodal re-entry tachy?
re-entry circuit in AV
dual AV node pathways
What can cause ventricular tachy?
re-entry circuit in ventricule, around a scar
fatal rhythm
