Cardiology Clue packet

Question 1

What organs have resistance in series?

Answer 1

Liver and Kidneys

Question 2

What organs have resistance in parallel?

Answer 2

all organs except the liver and kidney

Question 3

what organ has the highest A-V O2 difference at rest

Answer 3

The heart

Question 4

What organ has the highest A-V O2 difference after exercise?

Answer 4

Muscle

Question 5

What organ has the highest A-V O2 difference after a meal?

Answer 5

The gut

Question 6

What organ has the lowest A-V O2 difference?

Answer 6

Kidney

Question 7

Where does a type A thoracic aortic dissection occur?

Answer 7

ascending aorta, associated with cystic medial necrosis and syphilis

Question 8

where does Type B thoracic aortic dissection occur?

Answer 8

descending aorta, associated with trauma and atherosclerosis

Question 9

What layers does a true aortic aneurysm involve?

Answer 9

intima, media and adventitia

Question 10

what layers does a pseudo aortic aneurysm involve?

Answer 10

intima and media

Question 11

what is pulse pressure?

Answer 11

systolic - diasolic

Question 12

what vessel has the thickest layer of smooth muscle?

Answer 12

aorta

Question 13

what vessels have the most smooth muscle?

Answer 13

arterioles

Question 14

what vessels have the largest cross-sectional area?

Answer 14

capillaries

Question 15

what vessel has the highest compliance?

Answer 15

aorta

Question 16

what vessels have the highest capacitance?

Answer 16

veins and venules

Question 17

what is your max heart rate?

Answer 17

220-age

Question 18

what is stable angina?

Answer 18

pain on exertion, associated with atherosclerosis

Question 19

what is unstable angina?

Answer 19

pain at rest or first event associated with transient clots

Question 20

what is prinzmetal angina?

Answer 20

intermittent pain associated with coronary artery spasm at rest

Question 21

what stain is used to see amyloidosis?

Answer 21

congo red (apple green birefringence)

Question 22

what is hemochromatosis?

Answer 22

Iron deposition in organs leads to hyperpigmentation, arthritis, and DM

Question 23

What is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 23

pressure equalized in all 4 chambers, quiet precordium, no pulse or BP, kussmaul’s sign, pulses paradoxus

Question 24

what is transudate?

Answer 24

effusion of mostly protein purulent bacteria,

hemorrhagic (trauma, cancer, PE)

fibrinous (collagen vascular diseasem uremia, TB)

granulomatous ( non bacterial)

Question 25

what is systole?

Answer 25

ventricles contract decreased blood flow to coronary arteries increased O2 extraction

Question 26

What is diastole?

Answer 26

ventricles relax and fill in blood flow to coronary arteries - decreased O2 extraction

Question 27

what are the only arteries with deoxygenated blood?

Answer 27

pulmonary and umbilical arteries

Question 28

what murmur has a waterhammer pulse?

Answer 28

aortic regurgitation

Question 29

what murmur has pulsus tardus ?

Answer 29

aortic stenosis

Question 30

what cardiomyopathy has pulsus alternans?

Answer 30

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 31

what disease has pusus bigeminus?

Answer 31

IHHS idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

Question 32

what murmur has an irregularly irregular pulse

Answer 32

A fib

Question 33

what murmur has a regularly irrecular pulse?

Answer 33

PVC = para-ventricular contractions

Question 34

what murmur radiates to the carotids?

Answer 34

aortic stenosis and aortic regug

Question 35

what murmur radiates to the axilla?

Answer 35

mitral regurgitation

Question 36

what murmur radiates to the back?

Answer 36

pulmonic stenosis

Question 37

what disease has a boot shaped X ray?

Answer 37

right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 38

what disease has a banana shaped chest X ray?

Answer 38

idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

Question 39

what isease has an egg shaped X ray?

Answer 39

transposition of the great arteries

Question 40

what disease has a snowman shapped X ray?

Answer 40

total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Question 41

what disease has a 3 shaped X ray?

Answer 41

Aortic coarctation

Question 42

what is osler weber rendu?

Answer 42

arteriovenous malformation in lung, gut and CNS - sequester platelets leading to telangiectasias

Question 43

what is Von Hippel- Lindau?

Answer 43

arteriovenous malformation in the head and retina increasing risk of renal cell carcinoma

Question 44

what valves make noise at the start of systole?

Answer 44

atrioventricular valves

Question 45

what murmurs occur during systole?

Answer 45

holosystolic/pansystolic = MR, TR, VSD

Question 46

what valves make noise at the start of diastole?

Answer 46

A and P

Question 47

what are diastolic murmurs?

Answer 47

blowing = AR and PR rumbling = MS and TS

Question 48

What is a continuous bruit?

Answer 48

patent ductus arteriosus Ateriovenous malformation

Question 49

what has a friction rub while breathing?

Answer 49

pleuritis

Question 50

what has a friction rub while holding your breath?

Answer 50

pericarditis

Question 51

what does a mid-systolic click tell you?

Answer 51

mitral valve prolapse

Question 52

what does an ejection clic tell you?

Answer 52

Aortic stenosis or pulmonary stenosis

Question 53

what does an opening snap tell you?

Answer 53

Mitral stenosis or Tricuspid stenosis

Question 54

what does wide S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 54

increased O2 Increased right ventricular volume delayed pulmonary valve opening

Question 55

what does fixed wide S2 splitting tell you?

Answer 55

Atrio septal defect

Question 56

what does a paradoxical S2 split tell you?

Answer 56

Aortic stenosis or LBBB (left bundle branch block)

Question 57

what is cor pulmonale?

Answer 57

pulmonary hypertension leading to right ventricular failure

Question 58

what is eisenmengers?

Answer 58

pulmonary hypertension leading to a reversal of a LR shunt to a RL shunt

Question 59

what causes transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 59

failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral

Question 60

what is tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 60

overriding aorta Right ventricular hypertrophy pulmonary stenosis ventricularseptal defect

Question 61

what is truncus arteriosus ?

Answer 61

spiral membrane didn't develop (neural crest origin) one A/P trunk (mixed blood)

Question 62

what is epstein's anomaly?

Answer 62

tricuspid sits very low in the atria making a large right atria due to teratogenic effects of lithium

Question 63

what is cinchonism?

Answer 63

hearing loss tinnitus thrombocytopenia

Question 64

what are the cyanotic heart diseases?

Answer 64

transposition of the great arteries tetralogy of fallot truncus arteriosus tricuspid atresia/aortic atresia/pulmonic atresia total anomalous pulmonary venous return hypoplastic left heart syndrome epstein's anomaly

Question 65

what causea a machine-like murmur?

Answer 65

arterovenous malofrmation heart = patent ductus arteriosis elbow = dialysis fistula brain = Von Hippel- Lindau (AVM) lungs = osler weber rendu

Question 66

what are the heart block clues?

Answer 66

pain with a normal heart rate, fever with a normal heart rate (should increase by 10 bpm for every decrease increased in temp)

Question 67

what ion is important for the P=Wave?

Answer 67

calcium

Question 68

what ion is important for the QRS complex?

Answer 68

sodium

Question 69

What ion is important for hte T-Wave?

Answer 69

potassium

Question 70

What ion is important for the U-Wave?

Answer 70

potassium

Question 71

What are the Most common non-cyanotic congenital heart disease?

Answer 71

Ventricular septal defect atrial septal defect patent ductus arteriosus coarctation of the aorta

Question 72

What are the MI enzymes?

Answer 72

Troponin 1 CKMB LDH

Question 73

what does troponin 1 appear, peak and disappear after an MI?

Answer 73

appears after 2 hours peaks at 2 days gone by 1 week

Question 74

when does CKMB appear, peak and disappear after an MI?

Answer 74

appears after 6 hours peaks at 12 hours gone in 2 days

Question 75

When does LDH appear, peak and disappear after an MI?

Answer 75

appears after 1 day peaks at 2 days gone at 3 days