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IM PLAT BOARD CORRELATES > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

most efficient extractor of oxygen from the blood

A

heart

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2
Q

Intracellular junctions responsible for the cardiac syncytium

A

Gap junctions

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3
Q

Substance that dilates upstream blood vessels

A

Endothelium derived relaxing factor aka Nitric Oxide (NO)

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4
Q

Most potent vasoconstrictor

A

ADH

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5
Q

An increase in venous return will increase the heart rate

A

Bainbridge reflex

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6
Q

an increase in venous return will increase the stroke volume, Basis: stretching of cardiac sarcomeres will increase contraction

A

Frank starling mechanism

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7
Q

Hypertension, irregular respiration and bradycardia due to activation of the CNS ischemic response and baroreceptor reflex in increased intracranial pressure

A

cushing reflex

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8
Q

Abdominojugular reflux

A

atleast 10 sec pressure over the upper abdomen (RUQ)

Positive response: sustained rise of >3cm in JVP for atleast 10-15 seconds after release of the hand

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9
Q

carvallo’s sign

A

pansystolic murmur of tricuspid regurgitation

louder during inspiration and diminishes during forced expiratoin

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10
Q

graham steel murmur

A

high pitched, diastolic decrescendo blowing murmur along the left sternal border due to dilation of the pulmonary valve ring; occurs in mitral valve disease and severe pulmonary hypertension

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11
Q

gallavardin effect

A

condition where the murmur of aortic stenosis may be transmitted downward and to the apex and may be confused with the systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation

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12
Q

broadbent’s sign

A

apical pulse is reduced and may retract in systole in constrictive pericarditis

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13
Q

corrigan’s pulse

A

a rapidly rising “water hammer” pulse that collapses suddenly as arterial pressure falls rapidly during late systole and diastole, seen in aortic regurgitation

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14
Q

traube’s sign

A

a booming pistol shot sound heard over the femoral arteries, seen in aortic regurgitation

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15
Q

duroziez sign

A

to and fro murmur audible if the femoral artery is lightly compressed with a stethoscope seen in aortic regurgitation

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16
Q

triad of ruptured aneurysm

A

left flank pain
hypotension
pulsatile mass

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17
Q

triad of wolff parkinson white ecg pattern

A

wide qrs
short pr interval
slurring of the initial part of the qrs complex

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18
Q

triad of chronic renal failure in ecg

A

peaked T waves (hyperkalemia)
long qt due to st segment lengthening (hypocalcemia)
LVH (systemic hypertension)

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19
Q

beck’s triad for cardiac tamponade

A

hypotension
muffled heart sounds
neck vein distention

20
Q

plaques that have caused fatal thromboses tend to have

A

thin fibrous caps
large lipid cores
high content of macrophages

21
Q

major determinants of myocardial oxygen demand

A

heart rate
myocardial contractility
myocardial wall tension

22
Q

triad of buerger’s disease

A

claudication of the affected extremity
raynaud’s phenomenon
migratory superficial vein thrombophlebitis

23
Q

virchow

A

stasis
hypercoagulability
vascular/endothelial damage

24
Q

Dressler’s Triad (post MI pericarditis)

A

fever
pleuritic pain
pericardial effusion

25
Q

drugs that increases contractility

A

digoxin
dobutamine
milrinone

26
Q

drugs that reduces preload

A

diuretics
vasodilators (nitrates, hydralazine)
ace inhibitors
beta blockers

27
Q

this drug causes Na excretion and reduction in blood volume

A

diuretics

28
Q

CCB that exerts more effect in the vessels than the heart

A

Dihydropyridines (Nifedipine, Felodipine, Amlodipine)

29
Q

CCB that exerts more effect on the heart than the vessels

A

Nondihydropyridines (verapamil, Diltiazem)

30
Q

Decreases the work load of the heart

A

Beta blockers

31
Q

Blocks the AT1 receptor of angiotensin II

A

ARBs

32
Q

Notorious for drug induced cough by increasing bradykinin

A

ACE inhibitors

33
Q

Blocks aldosterone action in the collecting tubules

A

spironolactone, eplerenone

34
Q

drug for hypertension with benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

alpha 1 antagonist (prazosin)

35
Q

maintenance medication for pre eclampsia

A

methyldopa

36
Q

most common sustained arrhythmia

A

atrial fibrillation

37
Q

Mobitz type 1

A

has a prolongation of PR interval before dropped qrs complex

38
Q

Mobitz type 2

A

has no prolongation of PR interval before dropped QRS complex

39
Q

duration that distinguishes sustained from nonsustained ventricular tachycardia

A

> 30 seconds

40
Q

Most common arrhythmia post MI

A

PVC

41
Q

most common lethal arrhythmia post MI

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

42
Q

most common cause of systolic dysfunction that leads to L sided HF

A

Coronary Artery Disease

43
Q

most common cause of diastolic dysfunction that leads to L sided HF

A

concentric LVH due to HPN

44
Q

most common cause of R sided HF

A

L sided HF

45
Q

earliest cardinal symptom of L sided HF

A

Dyspnea

46
Q

earliest cardinal sign of L sided HF

A

L sided S3

IM PLAT BOARD CORRELATES (1 decks)

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