Cardiology

Question 1

Presence of S3 indicates

Answer 1

increased fluid states

Question 2

Presence of S4 indicates

Answer 2

stiff ventricle wall

Question 3

Most common heart defect

Answer 3

VSD - 30% of defects

Question 4

Acyanotic lesion shunting

Answer 4

left to right

Question 5

Cyanotic lesion shunting

Answer 5

right to left

Question 6

ASD murmur

Answer 6

Grade II-III systolic ejection murmur, best heard at LUSB

Question 7

VSD murmur

Answer 7

Grade II to V systolic ejection murmur, Holosystolic thrill may be felt at LLSB

Question 8

PDA murmur

Answer 8

LUSB machinery sound (5-10% of defects)

Question 9

Heart defect in Marfan

Answer 9

Aortic regurge or mitral valve prolapse

Question 10

Turner syndrome heart defect

Answer 10

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 11

DiGeorge syndrome

Answer 11

Aortic arch anomalies

Question 12

Labs/diagnostics for children with HTN

Answer 12

Aldosterone level to rule out aldosteronism
cortisol levels
UA, BMP, CBC, cholesterol, triglycerides
ECG

Question 13

Rheumatic fever follows what infection?

Answer 13

Untreated group A strep

Question 14

Major manifestations of Rheumatic fever

Answer 14

Carditis
Polyarthritis
Chorea
Erythema marginatum
Subcutaneous nodules

Question 15

Minor manifestations of Rheumatic fever

Answer 15

Arthralgia
Fever over 102.2
Elevated acute phase reactants
Prolonged PR with evidence of GABHS infection

Question 16

Dianosis of Rheumatic fever

Answer 16

2 major criteria
-or-
1 major and 2 minor criteria

Question 17

Most common age and ethnicity for Kawasaki

Answer 17

Less than 2 years

Asian

Question 18

Bilateral conjunctival injection with limbic sparing

Answer 18

Kawasaki

Question 19

Pulses in PDA

Answer 19

bounding

Question 20

Oxygen challenge

Answer 20

In cyanotic infant, repeat an ABG after 10-15 minutes of 100% oxygen. Minimal increase in pO2 suggests cardiac etiology

Question 21

Heart defects that may contribute to CHF untreated

Answer 21

VSD
AV septal defect
PDA
Coarctation
Single ventricle defects (e.g., Hypoplaastic left heart)

Question 22

Acquired CHF causes

Answer 22

Myocarditis
Cardiomyopathy
Rheumatic fever
Metabolic disease

Question 23

Physical findings in CHF

Answer 23

Tachycardia and tachypnea (COMMON)
Hepatomegaly
Periorbital edema
Wheezing, rales
Pallor, mottling
Weak peripheral pulses, cool extremeties
Gallop rhythm

Question 24

Rx to maintain PDA

Answer 24

Prostaglandin E1

Question 25

Four murmurs account for the majority of pediatric murmurs. They are….

Answer 25

PDA
VSD
Innocent murmur
Peripheral pulmonic stenosis (PPS) of the newborn

Question 26

Fixed split S2,

Possibly with soft ejection murmur at ULSB radiating to the back

Answer 26

ASD

Question 27

Holosystolic murmur at LLSB

Answer 27

VSD

Question 28

Machinery like continuous murmur

Answer 28

PDA