Cardiology Flashcards
Presence of S3 indicates
increased fluid states
Presence of S4 indicates
stiff ventricle wall
Most common heart defect
VSD - 30% of defects
Acyanotic lesion shunting
left to right
Cyanotic lesion shunting
right to left
ASD murmur
Grade II-III systolic ejection murmur, best heard at LUSB
VSD murmur
Grade II to V systolic ejection murmur, Holosystolic thrill may be felt at LLSB
PDA murmur
LUSB machinery sound (5-10% of defects)
Heart defect in Marfan
Aortic regurge or mitral valve prolapse
Turner syndrome heart defect
Coarctation of the aorta
DiGeorge syndrome
Aortic arch anomalies
Labs/diagnostics for children with HTN
Aldosterone level to rule out aldosteronism
cortisol levels
UA, BMP, CBC, cholesterol, triglycerides
ECG
Rheumatic fever follows what infection?
Untreated group A strep
Major manifestations of Rheumatic fever
Carditis Polyarthritis Chorea Erythema marginatum Subcutaneous nodules
Minor manifestations of Rheumatic fever
Arthralgia
Fever over 102.2
Elevated acute phase reactants
Prolonged PR with evidence of GABHS infection
Dianosis of Rheumatic fever
2 major criteria
-or-
1 major and 2 minor criteria
Most common age and ethnicity for Kawasaki
Less than 2 years
Asian
Bilateral conjunctival injection with limbic sparing
Kawasaki
Pulses in PDA
bounding
Oxygen challenge
In cyanotic infant, repeat an ABG after 10-15 minutes of 100% oxygen. Minimal increase in pO2 suggests cardiac etiology
Heart defects that may contribute to CHF untreated
VSD AV septal defect PDA Coarctation Single ventricle defects (e.g., Hypoplaastic left heart)
Acquired CHF causes
Myocarditis
Cardiomyopathy
Rheumatic fever
Metabolic disease
Physical findings in CHF
Tachycardia and tachypnea (COMMON) Hepatomegaly Periorbital edema Wheezing, rales Pallor, mottling Weak peripheral pulses, cool extremeties Gallop rhythm
Rx to maintain PDA
Prostaglandin E1
Four murmurs account for the majority of pediatric murmurs. They are….
PDA
VSD
Innocent murmur
Peripheral pulmonic stenosis (PPS) of the newborn
Fixed split S2,
Possibly with soft ejection murmur at ULSB radiating to the back
ASD
Holosystolic murmur at LLSB
VSD
Machinery like continuous murmur
PDA
