Cardiology

Question 1

Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Answer 1

Amyloidosis (e.g. secondary to myeloma) - most common cause in UK
Haemochromatosis
Loffler's syndrome
Sarcoidosis
Scleroderma

Question 2

Features suggestive of restrictive cardiomyopathy vs constrictive pericarditis

Answer 2

Prominent apical pulse
Absence of pericardial calcification on CXR
Heart may be enlarged
ECG abnormalities e.g. bundle branch block, Q waves

Question 3

Most common congenital heart conditions

Answer 3

Cyanotic: TGA most common at birth, Fallot’s most common overall

Acyanotic: VSD most common cause

Question 4

Cyanotic congenital heart conditions

Answer 4

Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA)
Tricuspid atresia
Pulmonary stenosis (depending on severity of stenosis)

Question 5

Acyanotic congenital heart conditions

Answer 5

Ventricular septal defects (VSD) - most common, accounts for 30%
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Coarctation of the aorta
Aortic valve stenosis