Cardiology Flashcards
The septum divides ____
the left and right sides of the heart
Upper chamber of the heart
atrium
The ___ receives incoming blood
atrium
Lower chamber of the heart
ventricle
The ____ pumps outgoing blood
ventricle
The body’s main artery
aorta
The ___ receives blood ejected from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries so they can carry blood to the tissues of the body.
aorta
The _____ side of the heart receives DEOXYGENATED blood from the veins of the body
right side == deoxygenated
Normal electrical impulses begin in the _____
sinus node
The sinus node is located in the _____
upper part of the right atrium
Here, the signal is slowed for milliseconds to allow blood to pass from the atria to the ventricle.
AV node or atrioventricular node
Signals leave the AV node and spread throughout the ventricles via the _____, the right and left branches, and the Purkinje fibers
Bundle of His
____ allows a cardiac muscle cell to contract spontaneously, without a stimulus from a nerve source. Unique to cardiac cells.
automaticity
During times of SNS activation, metabolic rate, therefore cardiac output, therefore cardiac rate is _________
increased
Stroke volume is _____
the volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction
Widening or dilation of the coronary arteries _____ blood flow
increases
The _____ are the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle
coronary arteries
The right and left _____ arteries supply the head and brain with blood
carotid arteries
The right and left _____ arteries supply blood to the upper extremities
subclavian arteries
As the subclavian arteries enter each arm, they become the _____ arteries
brachial
The major vessels that supply blood to each arm
brachial arteries
Just below the elbow, the brachial artery divides into two major branches: the _____ and ______ arteries
radial and ulnar
At the umbilicus, the aorta divides into two branches known as the left and right ______ arteries
iliac
The ______ arteries supply blood to the groin, pelvis, and legs
iliac
As the _____ arteries enter the legs through the groin, they become the right and left _____ arteries
iliac …. femoral
The _____ and _____ arteries, at the level of the knees, supply blood to lower legs and feet
tibial and peroneal
Tibial and peroneal arteries turn into tinier ______ and eventually _____
arterials …. capillaries
_____ allow the exchange of nutrients and waste at the cellular level
Capillaries
As blood passes through the capillaries, it gives off ____ to the tissues and picks up _____
gives off 02, picks up C02 and waste products
The smallest branches of veins
venules
The ______ vena cava carries blood from head&arms back to right atrium.
superior vena cava
The _____ vena cava carries blood from abdomen, kidneys and legs back to right atrium.
inferior vena cava
The vena cavae join at the _______ where blood is returned to circulation for oxygenation.
right atria of heart
____ is the fluid that cells float in
Plasma
The force of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries is called _____
blood pressure
Systole refers to ______
contraction
Diastole refers to _____
relaxation
The constant flow of oxygenated blood to the tissues is known as _____
perfusion
Good perfusion requires 1) ____ 2) ____ 3) ____
1) Pump (proper rate)
2) Pipes (vessels and arteries)
3) Container (blood)
Chest pain usually stems from _____
ischemia
In atherosclerosis, the _____ or inner wall of the arteries narrows.
lumen
A blood clot that is floating through blood vessels
thromboembolism
_______ is a group of symptoms caused my myocardial ischemia.
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
temporary ischemia is known as ______
angina pectoris
