Cardiology Flashcards
Most patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure are in ____________ and require ___________
volume overload
preload reduction
preload reduction meds
diuretics, nitrates
afterload reduction meds
nitrates, angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, dobutamine, milrinone
contractility enhancement meds
dobutamine, milrinone, dopamine
Treatment of patients with chronic heart failure and those with acute decompensated heart failure that has been effectively controlled. Initiate chronic therapy with a combination of:
loop diureticsACE inhibitors or angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs)beta-blockersaldosterone antagonists (for patients whose left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] is at or below 35%)
Placement should be considered for patients whose LVEF is ≤35%
Implantable cardioverter – defibrillator (ICD). However, in a recent study in patients with heart failure not caused by CAD, ICD implantation was not associated with significantly lower long-term rate of death.
Considered for patients whose EF is at or below 35% who also have a QRS duration on electrocardiogram (ECG) of ≥120 msec if left bundle-branch block (LBBB) morphology is present or ≥150 msec if LBBB morphology is not present.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT): biventricular pacing
_____________ levels may be normal in patients who have heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction, particularly in obese patients or those with symptoms only on exertion
Natriuretic peptide
Medications that improve outcomes in patients who have heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction have not been shown to be of benefit in those who have heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction
FYI
What are the HR values for each tick in the ECG
300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50
QRS morphology: Normal ___ms represents aberrant conduction or ventricular origin
120
