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Cardiology Flashcards

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1
Q

Clinical estimate of left atrial pressure

A

Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP)

Measure of left ventricular preload

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2
Q

Thiazide ^ loop diuretics are contraindicated in patients w/…

A

TMP/SMX allergy

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3
Q 
Total resistance (RT) of a parallel circuit 
Formula
A

1/RT= 1/RT1+ 1/RT2+ 1/RT3+ 1/RT4

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4
Q

Drugs to treat chronic HTN in pregnant women ? (4)

A

Methyldopa➡️ alfa 2 adrenergic receptors
Labetalol
Nifedipine
Hydralazine

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5
Q

Medications assoc w/gynecomastia development (8)

A 
Spironolactone 
Digoxin
Cimetidine 
OH
Ketoconazole 
Estrogens 
Omeprazole 
CCB
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6
Q

Medications that cause lipid abnormalities (2)

A

Metoprolol

Thiazides

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7
Q

Prazosin

A

“First dose effect”➡️profound onset of orthostatic hypotension

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8
Q

ACEI adverse effects

A

Chronic cough
Hyperkalemia
Angioedema

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9
Q

Vagus nerve stimulation

A

Aortic arch (110-200mmHg)
➡️ CV control center (medulla)
➡️ ⬆️ PNS ^ ⬇️ SNS

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10
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve stimulation

A

Carotid sinus (50-180 mmHg)
➡️ cardiovascular control center (medulla)
➡️ ⬆️ PNS^ ⬇️ SNS

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11
Q

Consequences of ⬆️PNS ^ ⬇️SNS (5)

A

SA node: ⬇️HR
Ventricular myocardium: ⬇️inotropy
Small arteries ^ arterioles: ⬇️ SVR:TPR
veins: ⬇️ ♥️ preload

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12
Q

Vasodilator

A

Tachycardia w/hypotension

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13
Q

Vasoconstrictor

A

Bradycardia w/ hypertension

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14
Q

Mobitz type 1
Wenckebach
Causes ?

A

PR interval progressively lengthens ➡️ non- conducted P wave

BB, CCB, ⬆️vagal tone

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15
Q

Mobitz type 2

Causes ?

A

PR interval remains unchanged ➡️P wave fails to conduct to the ventricles

Medications, organic lesion in the conduction pathway

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16
Q 
B blockers (class II)
Adverse effects ? (6)
A 
Impotence
Exacerbation COPD ^ asthma 
♥️: bradychardia, AV block, HF 
🤹‍♀️: sedation, sleep alterations 
Mask signs of hypoglycemia 
🚫: pheochromocytoma, cocaine toxicity
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17
Q

Vessels w/ the highest resistance ?

Ohm law ?

A

Arterioles

R=🔼P/Q

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18
Q

Drug traces

A

Changes in BP will be due to a direct effect

Changes in HR may be due to either a baroreceptor effect or a direct effect

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19
Q

Early cyanosis 😨

5Ts

A 
Truncus arteriosus (1 vessel)
Transposition (2 switched vessels)
Tricuspid atresia (3=tri)
Tetralogy of Fallot (4=tetra)
TAPVR (5 letters)
20
Q

Cardiac function curve for compensated heart failure

A

Normal resting CO w/⬆️ RAP

21
Q

Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia hemodinamically tolerated and asymptomatic can be treated initially w/ ?

A

IV amiodarone, lidocaine, procainamide

22
Q

First line for stable ventricular tachycardia

A

Amiodarone

🚫contains iodine= allergies🚫

23
Q

Classic presentation of an atrial septal defect

A

Systolic ejection murmur in the left midsternal border, and a wide fixed split of S2

24
Q

Set of changes seen in anemia

A 
⬇️hematocrit 
⬇️tissue PO2
⬆️arteriolar diameter 
⬇️PVR
⬆️CO ^ VR
25
Q

Pathognomonic sign of AV fistula

A

⬆️venous oxygen content

26
Q

Aspects of subendocardial infarction (3)

A

A state of hypotension can lead to SI
⬆️CK-MB or troponin
ST segment depression or flattening

27
Q

Patients w/vascular insuficiency to the legs secondary to atherosclerosis would be expected to have

A

⬇️ankle pulse
⬇️venous O2 content during exercise
⬆️peripheral vascular resistance
⬆️serum lipids

28
Q

Stenotic bicuspid aortic valve

A

Midsystolic murmur that radiates to the neck

29
Q

Aortic valve stenosis

Pulse pressure ?

A

Diminished

30
Q

ACEIs are useful to control HTN in patients w/? (3)

A

Diabetic nephropathy
HF
Hyperuricemia

31
Q

Drug induced gout

A

Thiazide diuretics ➡️ HCTZ

32
Q

Drugs that prolong QT interval

A

Class IA ^ Class III antiarrhythmics

33
Q

Drugs contraindicated in long QT sx

A

Class IA: Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide
Class II: AIDS
Phenothiazines
TCA

34
Q

Aortic regurgitation (3)

A

Diastolic murmur
Widened arterial PP
Large stroke volume

35
Q

Cardiogenic shock (4)

A

⬇️CO ^ SV

⬆️HR ^ TPR

36
Q

Fibrates
Activate PPAR alfa
Adverse effects

A

Gallstones

Muscle toxicity

37
Q

SVR

formula?

A

SVR= (MAP - RAP) / CO

38
Q

HTN proximal to the coarctation develops due to ?

A

Activation of the RAAS system

⬇️ afferent arteriolar free Ca++ levels

39
Q

Pulmonary vascular resistance

Formula

A

PVR= (MPAP - PCWP) / CO

40
Q

Digoxin adverse effects

A

Cholinergic: N/V, diarrhea, 🌅🎨, arrhythmias, AV block

⬆️K+

41
Q

Ohm law

A

Flow = change in pressure / resistance

42
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

Treatment

A

Fibric acid derivatives
Niacin
Omega 3 fatty-acids

43
Q

Common side effect assoc w/niacin ?

A

Facial flushing

44
Q

Drug that vasodilate ^ ⬇️ release of insulin in response to glucose

A

Diazoxide

Opens K+ATP channels

45
Q

Aortic regurgitation

Can occur due to bacterial endocarditis

A

⬆️PP

Diastolic murmur

Cardiology Qbank (1 decks)

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