Cardiology Flashcards
What is the initial approach to hypertension?
primary vs. secondary
What are the categories of secondary hypertension?
miscellaneous,
renal,
endocrine,
public drugs,
prescription drugs
What are the miscellaneous causes of secondary hypertension?
OSA
Cushing’s reflex
What are the renal causes of secondary hypertension?
vascular
parenchymal
What are the renal vascular causes of secondary hypertension?
coarctation of aorta
aortic dissection
renal artery stenosis
What are the renal parenchymal causes of secondary hypertension?
glomerulonephritis
pyelonephritis
polycystic kidney disease
What are the endocrine causes of secondary hypertension?
hypercalcemia (hyper-PTH)
hyper/hypothyroidism
acromegaly (liver)
G: hyperaldosteronism
F: Cushing’s syndrome
R: (nil)
M: pheochromocytoma
polycythemia vera
estrogens, hormone replacement, preeclampsia
What are the drug categories that cause secondary hypertension?
recreational
over the counter
prescription drugs
What are the over-the-counter causes of secondary hypertension?
NSAID’s
decongestants
What are the recreational drugs that cause secondary hypertension?
alcohol use
alcohol withdrawal
cocaine
amphetamines
What are the prescription drug classes that cause secondary hypertension?
cardiovascular
endocrine
psychiatric
lithium
MAO inhibitors
immune
cyclosporine
tacrolimus
What are the cardiovascular drugs that cause secondary hypertension?
midodrine
beta blocker withdrawal
clonidine withdrawal
What are the endocrine drugs that cause secondary hypertension?
glucocorticoids
EPO
OCP’s, HRT
What are the psychiatric drugs that cause secondary hypertension?
lithium
MAO inhibitors
What are the immune drugs that cause secondary hypertension?
cyclosporine
tacrolimus
