Cardiology Flashcards
Key sx for non cardiac chest pain:
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Pain is 1-2hrs postprandial, relieved by antacids, “bringing” sensation, any kind of vomiting, sour taste in mouth
Key sx for non cardiac chest pain:
Peptic ulcer disease
Pain is epigastric, hx of aspirin/NSAID use, bleaching, bloating
Key sx for non cardiac chest pain:
Cholecystitis
Pain is RUQ, the “4F’s”: fat, female, fertile, and forty, positive Murphy’s sign
Key sx for non cardiac chest pain:
Esophageal spasm
Physical examination will not help. Pain radiate along oesophagus. Pain will be severe. Look at hx (dysphagia, regurgitation). Normal ECG. Relieved with nitroglycerin
Key sx for non cardiac chest pain:
Costochondritis
Point tenderness - press on the region
Key sx for non cardiac chest pain:
Pulmonary embolism
sudden, increased RR, hypoxia, air hunger, deepen, calf swelling, surgical pt, pain on respiration
Key sx for non cardiac chest pain:
Pain on respiration
pain on respiration, fever, rapid shallow breathing, scratchy sound on auscultation of lung
Key sx for non cardiac chest pain:
Pneumothorax
Sudden, absent breath sound on one side, hypoxia, hx rib fracture, hx penetrating wound, young and tall pt
Key sx for non cardiac chest pain:
Pneumonia
Fever, increased WBC, crackles and rales
Angina sx
acute substernal chest pain that improves with rest
Unstable angina
acute substernal chest pain that does not improve with rest
Myocardial infarction (STEMI/NSTEMI)
Same as unstable angina; requires laboratory confirmation (EKG, enzymes)
Myocarditis
Chronic, vague and mild pain, fever
Pericarditis
positional, worse with laying down; pleuritic, sharp, EKG anomalies
Dissecting aortic aneurysm
substernal pain radiates to the back, “tearing pain”
Dissecting aortic aneurysm
substernal chest pain radiates to the back, “tearing pain”
Mitral valve prolapse
transient pain, mid-systolic click, females
Inferior wall MI
Sudden sub-sternal, severe crushing pain not relieved with rest
ALSO bradycardia, diarrhoea, lightheadedness
Posterior descending artery affected (RCA) - irritation of posterior wall - irritates the vagus nerve
Risk factors
age, DM, HT, past hx of MI, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, stress, illegal drug use (cocaine)
