Cardiology Flashcards
What is the number one killer
Heart disease
Heart disease can lead to
Discomfort
Activity limitations
Disability
Unemployment
3 categories of lifestyle changes:
- Unchangeable factors: ie. Heredity, gender, age
- Changeable factors: ie. Cholesterol levels, smoking, inactive lifestyle
- Contributing factors: ie. Diabetes, stress
Coronary Artery Disease:
Develops over time
Wall of artery become injured by years of smoking or high blood pressure
CAD causes:
Causes narrowing in artery= atherosclerosis
MI and Heart Attack:
Part of heart muscle dies
Rehab for MI/ Heart Attack
○ Tissue damage can spread post MI for 6 weeks so important balance of rest and activity
Graded activities with self care and exercise
Congestive Heart Failure:
Not pumping effectively and fluid backs up into lungs
Treatment: diet, meds, rest
Symptoms of CNF
Symptoms: SOB, L/E edema and fatigue
Phase One of Rehab
Low level physical activity
Post surgical pre-cautions
Energy conservation
Graded activities
Phase Two of Rehab
Outpatient
Exercise and education advanced
Heart health programs
Breathing and relaxation techniques
Signs and Symptoms of Cardiac Distress
Angina Dyspnea (SOB) Orthopnea Nausea Fatigue
Sternal precautions
- Avoid reaching behind you: this includes putting your arm in your shirt sleeve, with arms tight to your side the shirt must be flipped over your head using both hands so the shirt is draped over both shoulders to get your arms in the sleeves without reaching behind you or over your head.
- Avoid reaching out to your side: this includes NOT using grab bars in the bathtub.
- Avoid stretching your arms above your head
- Avoid heavy lifting: (over 5 lbs. is heavy lifting)
- Avoid pushing or pulling over 5 lbs.
- Remember, 2 hands are better than 1
Low long do these precautions last
6-8 weeks
