Cardiology ❤️ Flashcards
What are the two layers of the pericardium?
Fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium
The right atrium receives _______ blood.
Deoxygenated
The venae cavae empty into the ________.
Right atrium
After collecting in the right atrium, blood passes through the _______
Right atrioventricular valve
The right AV valve is also known as…
Tricuspid valve
During systole, the _________ contracts and the ________ closes
Right ventricle contracts, tricuspid (right AV) valve closes
After the tricuspid valve closes (right AV), blood is ejected from the right ventricle through the ______ and into the ________
Through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary arteries
From the pulmonary arteries, blood passes through branching vessels to the pulmonary capillaries of the aveoli, where what takes place?
Oxygen exchange
What delivers blood to the left atrium?
Pulmonary veins
Blood that has collected in the left atrium flows through the ______
Left atrioventricular valve
The left atrioventricular valve is also known as…
Mitral valve
During systole, the mitral valve snaps shut as the ventricle contracts and ejects blood through what structure?
Aortic valve
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the _______
Right AV valve (tricuspid valve)
During _____, the heart muscle contracts and blood is ejected from the atria to the ventricles and then from the ventricles to the arteries
During systole
During _____, the heart relaxes and refills with blood to be ejected during the next systolic contraction
Diastole
Where does the impulse for a heartbeat come from?
Sinoatrial node (SA node)
Where is the SA node located?
In the right atrium
The pacemaker of the heart is known as the…
SA node
Depolarization of the heart is known as… (Systole or diastole)
Systole
Re polarization of the heart is known as… (Systole or diastole)
Diastole
What happens when the electrical impulse passes through the cardiac muscle?
The muscle contracts
The bundle of His fibers travel down the interventricular septum to the bottom end of the left and right ventricles. And the ______ fibers carry the impulses from the bundle of His up into the ventricular myocardium.
Purkinje fibers
“Lub” in “lub-dub” is properly called…
S1
“Dub” in “lub-dub” is properly known as…
S2
_____ is associated with sinultaneous closure of the mitral valve and tricuspid calves at the beginning of ventricular systole
S1 (lub)
The S2 heart sound (dub) is associated with what?
Associated with the closure of the semilunar valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole
Which side of the chest is the aortic valve easiest to hear on?
Easier to hear in the left side of the chest
Heart sounds S3 and S4 are heard on what animals?
Large animals
What is heart sound S3 due to?
Due to rapid ventricular filling in large animals
What is heart sound S4 due to?
Due to contraction of the atria in large animals
The amount of blood that leaves the heart is known as
Cardiac output
Cardiac output is determined by what two factors?
Stroke volume and heart rate
The amount of blood ejected with each cardiac contraction is known as
Stroke volume
How often the heart contracts is known as
Heart rate
A dogs heart ejects 2mL of blood into the aorta with each systolic contraction and its heart rate is 100 beats per minute, what is the animals cardiac output?
CO= stroke volume X heart rate CO= 2mL/min (SV) X 100 beats/min (HR) CO= 200mL/min
What is the instrument that measures electrical current using metal electrodes attached to the skin to produce an ECG/EKG?
Electrocardiograph
The bump on an ECG associated with the depolarization of the atria is the…
P wave
The wave on the ECG created by the ventricular depolarization is
QRS complex
The wave on the ECG associated with the repolarization of the ventricles is the
T wave
Name the outer layer of the heart
Pericardium
