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VTNE STUDY > Cardiology ❤️ > Flashcards

Cardiology ❤️ Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous pericardium and serous pericardium

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2
Q

The right atrium receives _______ blood.

A

Deoxygenated

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3
Q

The venae cavae empty into the ________.

A

Right atrium

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4
Q

After collecting in the right atrium, blood passes through the _______

A

Right atrioventricular valve

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5
Q

The right AV valve is also known as…

A

Tricuspid valve

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6
Q

During systole, the _________ contracts and the ________ closes

A

Right ventricle contracts, tricuspid (right AV) valve closes

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7
Q

After the tricuspid valve closes (right AV), blood is ejected from the right ventricle through the ______ and into the ________

A

Through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary arteries

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8
Q

From the pulmonary arteries, blood passes through branching vessels to the pulmonary capillaries of the aveoli, where what takes place?

A

Oxygen exchange

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9
Q

What delivers blood to the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins

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10
Q

Blood that has collected in the left atrium flows through the ______

A

Left atrioventricular valve

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11
Q

The left atrioventricular valve is also known as…

A

Mitral valve

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12
Q

During systole, the mitral valve snaps shut as the ventricle contracts and ejects blood through what structure?

A

Aortic valve

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13
Q

What is the largest artery in the body?

A

Aorta

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14
Q

Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the _______

A

Right AV valve (tricuspid valve)

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15
Q

During _____, the heart muscle contracts and blood is ejected from the atria to the ventricles and then from the ventricles to the arteries

A

During systole

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16
Q

During _____, the heart relaxes and refills with blood to be ejected during the next systolic contraction

A

Diastole

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17
Q

Where does the impulse for a heartbeat come from?

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

18
Q

Where is the SA node located?

A

In the right atrium

19
Q

The pacemaker of the heart is known as the…

A

SA node

20
Q

Depolarization of the heart is known as… (Systole or diastole)

A

Systole

21
Q

Re polarization of the heart is known as… (Systole or diastole)

A

Diastole

22
Q

What happens when the electrical impulse passes through the cardiac muscle?

A

The muscle contracts

23
Q

The bundle of His fibers travel down the interventricular septum to the bottom end of the left and right ventricles. And the ______ fibers carry the impulses from the bundle of His up into the ventricular myocardium.

A

Purkinje fibers

24
Q

“Lub” in “lub-dub” is properly called…

A

S1

25
Q

“Dub” in “lub-dub” is properly known as…

A

S2

26
Q

_____ is associated with sinultaneous closure of the mitral valve and tricuspid calves at the beginning of ventricular systole

A

S1 (lub)

27
Q

The S2 heart sound (dub) is associated with what?

A

Associated with the closure of the semilunar valves at the beginning of ventricular diastole

28
Q

Which side of the chest is the aortic valve easiest to hear on?

A

Easier to hear in the left side of the chest

29
Q

Heart sounds S3 and S4 are heard on what animals?

A

Large animals

30
Q

What is heart sound S3 due to?

A

Due to rapid ventricular filling in large animals

31
Q

What is heart sound S4 due to?

A

Due to contraction of the atria in large animals

32
Q

The amount of blood that leaves the heart is known as

A

Cardiac output

33
Q

Cardiac output is determined by what two factors?

A

Stroke volume and heart rate

34
Q

The amount of blood ejected with each cardiac contraction is known as

A

Stroke volume

35
Q

How often the heart contracts is known as

A

Heart rate

36
Q

A dogs heart ejects 2mL of blood into the aorta with each systolic contraction and its heart rate is 100 beats per minute, what is the animals cardiac output?

A 
CO= stroke volume X heart rate
CO= 2mL/min (SV) X 100 beats/min (HR)
CO= 200mL/min
37
Q

What is the instrument that measures electrical current using metal electrodes attached to the skin to produce an ECG/EKG?

A

Electrocardiograph

38
Q

The bump on an ECG associated with the depolarization of the atria is the…

A

P wave

39
Q

The wave on the ECG created by the ventricular depolarization is

A

QRS complex

40
Q

The wave on the ECG associated with the repolarization of the ventricles is the

A

T wave

41
Q

Name the outer layer of the heart

A

Pericardium

VTNE STUDY (3 decks)

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