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Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common congenital heart defect

A

VSD

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2
Q

Heart defect related to maternal Lithium intake

A

Ebstein anomaly

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3
Q

Endocardial cushion defect is associated with

A

Down Syndrome

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4
Q

Common mutation causing ASD and VSD in Holt-Oram syndrome

A

Tbx5

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5
Q

Most common type of ASD

A

Ostium Secundum

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6
Q

“Snowman” or “eight” sign in CXR

A

TAPVR

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7
Q

Type of ASD in Down syndrome

A

Ostium primum

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8
Q

Most common type of VSD

A

Membranous

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9
Q

“Swiss cheese” VSD

A

Muscular type

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10
Q

Most common cyanotic congenital anomaly

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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11
Q

“Boot-shaped” heart

A

RVH in TOF

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12
Q

Most common surgical tx for TOF

A

Blalock-Taussig shunt

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13
Q

Associated heart defect in Turner syndrome

A

Coarctation of aorta

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14
Q

“3 sign”

A

Coarctation of aorta

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15
Q

Pathognomonic of coarctation of aorta

A

Rib notching or 3 sign in CXR

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16
Q

Most common cause of Ischemic heart disease

A

Arherosclerosis of epicardial coronary arteries

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17
Q

Most commonly affected coronary artery in IHD due to atherosclerosis

A

Left anterior descending

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18
Q

Most common type of Angina

A

Stable angina with 75% luminal narrowing

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19
Q

Most common cause of sudden cardiac death

A

Fatal cardiac arrhythmia - ventricular fibrillation

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20
Q

ECG finding for transmural MI

A

ST elevation

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21
Q

ECG finding in Subendocardial Mi

A

ST depression

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22
Q

Most common cause of death in DM patients

A

Myocardial Infarction

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23
Q

Most common fatal complication of MI in first few days

A

Cardiac arrhythmia

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24
Q

Most common cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

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25
Most common reason for heart transplant
Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy
26
Most common cause of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic/unknown | 2nd Chronic alcoholism
27
Drug associated with Dilated cardiomyopathy
Doxorubicin
28
AKA Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
29
Most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes
HOCM
30
Gene mutation associated in HOCM
B-myosin heavy chain (B-MHC)
31
Most common cause of secondary Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Amyloidosis
32
Stain for amyloidosis
Congo red
33
Single most common cause of heart failure
CAD d/t atherosclerosis. RHD major cause in Asia
34
Most common cause of Right-sided Heart Failure
Left HF
35
Afebrile infective endocarditis with negative culture
Tropheryma whippelii
36
Most commonly affected valve in Infective endocarditis
Mitral valve
37
Affected valve in infective endocarditis of IV drug users
Tricuspid valve
38
Nonbacterial endocarditis
Marantic/thrombotic
39
Most common cause of heart disease in children in 3rd world country
Rheumatic heart disease
40
Most common affected valve in rheumatic carditis
Mitral valve
41
Most common heart tumor
Metastatic
42
Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
Myxomas
43
Most frequent primary cardiac tumor in children
Rhabdomyomas
44
Earliest microscopic change in HCVD
Increase in transverse diameter of myocytes
45
MC cause of secondary HTN
Renal parenchymal disease
46
MC cause of congenital HTN
Coarctation of Aorta
47
Pulsus tardus
Aortic stenosis
48
Bounding pulse
PDA/ Coarctation of Aorta
49
Bisferiens pulse
HOCM
50
MC sign of CHF
Edema and rales
51
MC symptoms of CHF
Dyspnea and fatigue
52
Chronic passive congestion
Nutmeg liver
53
MC congenital cardiac anomaly seen in adults
ASD
54
MC sustained arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation
55
Young male, asleep, sudden cardiac death
Brugada syndrome : ST segment elevation in V1-V3 in sinus rhythm -> drug challenge with Procainamide
56
Artery commonly used in CABG
Internal mammary artery
57
Acute endocarditis: normal or injured valve
Normal, staph aureus
58
Subacute endocarditis: normal or injured valve
Injured: strep viridans
59
Fixed, widely split S2
ASD
60
"Machinery murmur", Loud S2, Wide pulse pressure
PDA
61
Most common cyanotic congenital heart lesion in NEWBORN
Transposition of great vessels

Most Common (5 decks)

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