Cardiology Flashcards
Most common congenital heart defect
VSD
Heart defect related to maternal Lithium intake
Ebstein anomaly
Endocardial cushion defect is associated with
Down Syndrome
Common mutation causing ASD and VSD in Holt-Oram syndrome
Tbx5
Most common type of ASD
Ostium Secundum
“Snowman” or “eight” sign in CXR
TAPVR
Type of ASD in Down syndrome
Ostium primum
Most common type of VSD
Membranous
“Swiss cheese” VSD
Muscular type
Most common cyanotic congenital anomaly
Tetralogy of Fallot
“Boot-shaped” heart
RVH in TOF
Most common surgical tx for TOF
Blalock-Taussig shunt
Associated heart defect in Turner syndrome
Coarctation of aorta
“3 sign”
Coarctation of aorta
Pathognomonic of coarctation of aorta
Rib notching or 3 sign in CXR
Most common cause of Ischemic heart disease
Arherosclerosis of epicardial coronary arteries
Most commonly affected coronary artery in IHD due to atherosclerosis
Left anterior descending
Most common type of Angina
Stable angina with 75% luminal narrowing
Most common cause of sudden cardiac death
Fatal cardiac arrhythmia - ventricular fibrillation
ECG finding for transmural MI
ST elevation
ECG finding in Subendocardial Mi
ST depression
Most common cause of death in DM patients
Myocardial Infarction
Most common fatal complication of MI in first few days
Cardiac arrhythmia
Most common cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Most common reason for heart transplant
Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy
Most common cause of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Idiopathic/unknown
2nd Chronic alcoholism
Drug associated with Dilated cardiomyopathy
Doxorubicin
AKA Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes
HOCM
Gene mutation associated in HOCM
B-myosin heavy chain (B-MHC)
Most common cause of secondary Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Amyloidosis
Stain for amyloidosis
Congo red
Single most common cause of heart failure
CAD d/t atherosclerosis. RHD major cause in Asia
Most common cause of Right-sided Heart Failure
Left HF
Afebrile infective endocarditis with negative culture
Tropheryma whippelii
Most commonly affected valve in Infective endocarditis
Mitral valve
Affected valve in infective endocarditis of IV drug users
Tricuspid valve
Nonbacterial endocarditis
Marantic/thrombotic
Most common cause of heart disease in children in 3rd world country
Rheumatic heart disease
Most common affected valve in rheumatic carditis
Mitral valve
Most common heart tumor
Metastatic
Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
Myxomas
Most frequent primary cardiac tumor in children
Rhabdomyomas
Earliest microscopic change in HCVD
Increase in transverse diameter of myocytes
MC cause of secondary HTN
Renal parenchymal disease
MC cause of congenital HTN
Coarctation of Aorta
Pulsus tardus
Aortic stenosis
Bounding pulse
PDA/ Coarctation of Aorta
Bisferiens pulse
HOCM
MC sign of CHF
Edema and rales
MC symptoms of CHF
Dyspnea and fatigue
Chronic passive congestion
Nutmeg liver
MC congenital cardiac anomaly seen in adults
ASD
MC sustained arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation
Young male, asleep, sudden cardiac death
Brugada syndrome : ST segment elevation in V1-V3 in sinus rhythm -> drug challenge with Procainamide
Artery commonly used in CABG
Internal mammary artery
Acute endocarditis: normal or injured valve
Normal, staph aureus
Subacute endocarditis: normal or injured valve
Injured: strep viridans
Fixed, widely split S2
ASD
“Machinery murmur”,
Loud S2,
Wide pulse pressure
PDA
Most common cyanotic congenital heart lesion in NEWBORN
Transposition of great vessels
