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Most Common > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Most common congenital heart defect

A

VSD

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2
Q

Heart defect related to maternal Lithium intake

A

Ebstein anomaly

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3
Q

Endocardial cushion defect is associated with

A

Down Syndrome

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4
Q

Common mutation causing ASD and VSD in Holt-Oram syndrome

A

Tbx5

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5
Q

Most common type of ASD

A

Ostium Secundum

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6
Q

“Snowman” or “eight” sign in CXR

A

TAPVR

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7
Q

Type of ASD in Down syndrome

A

Ostium primum

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8
Q

Most common type of VSD

A

Membranous

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9
Q

“Swiss cheese” VSD

A

Muscular type

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10
Q

Most common cyanotic congenital anomaly

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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11
Q

“Boot-shaped” heart

A

RVH in TOF

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12
Q

Most common surgical tx for TOF

A

Blalock-Taussig shunt

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13
Q

Associated heart defect in Turner syndrome

A

Coarctation of aorta

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14
Q

“3 sign”

A

Coarctation of aorta

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15
Q

Pathognomonic of coarctation of aorta

A

Rib notching or 3 sign in CXR

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16
Q

Most common cause of Ischemic heart disease

A

Arherosclerosis of epicardial coronary arteries

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17
Q

Most commonly affected coronary artery in IHD due to atherosclerosis

A

Left anterior descending

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18
Q

Most common type of Angina

A

Stable angina with 75% luminal narrowing

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19
Q

Most common cause of sudden cardiac death

A

Fatal cardiac arrhythmia - ventricular fibrillation

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20
Q

ECG finding for transmural MI

A

ST elevation

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21
Q

ECG finding in Subendocardial Mi

A

ST depression

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22
Q

Most common cause of death in DM patients

A

Myocardial Infarction

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23
Q

Most common fatal complication of MI in first few days

A

Cardiac arrhythmia

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24
Q

Most common cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

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25
Q

Most common reason for heart transplant

A

Dilated (congestive) cardiomyopathy

26
Q

Most common cause of Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Idiopathic/unknown

2nd Chronic alcoholism

27
Q

Drug associated with Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Doxorubicin

28
Q

AKA Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis

A

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

29
Q

Most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes

A

HOCM

30
Q

Gene mutation associated in HOCM

A

B-myosin heavy chain (B-MHC)

31
Q

Most common cause of secondary Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

A

Amyloidosis

32
Q

Stain for amyloidosis

A

Congo red

33
Q

Single most common cause of heart failure

A

CAD d/t atherosclerosis. RHD major cause in Asia

34
Q

Most common cause of Right-sided Heart Failure

A

Left HF

35
Q

Afebrile infective endocarditis with negative culture

A

Tropheryma whippelii

36
Q

Most commonly affected valve in Infective endocarditis

A

Mitral valve

37
Q

Affected valve in infective endocarditis of IV drug users

A

Tricuspid valve

38
Q

Nonbacterial endocarditis

A

Marantic/thrombotic

39
Q

Most common cause of heart disease in children in 3rd world country

A

Rheumatic heart disease

40
Q

Most common affected valve in rheumatic carditis

A

Mitral valve

41
Q

Most common heart tumor

A

Metastatic

42
Q

Most common primary cardiac tumor in adults

A

Myxomas

43
Q

Most frequent primary cardiac tumor in children

A

Rhabdomyomas

44
Q

Earliest microscopic change in HCVD

A

Increase in transverse diameter of myocytes

45
Q

MC cause of secondary HTN

A

Renal parenchymal disease

46
Q

MC cause of congenital HTN

A

Coarctation of Aorta

47
Q

Pulsus tardus

A

Aortic stenosis

48
Q

Bounding pulse

A

PDA/ Coarctation of Aorta

49
Q

Bisferiens pulse

A

HOCM

50
Q

MC sign of CHF

A

Edema and rales

51
Q

MC symptoms of CHF

A

Dyspnea and fatigue

52
Q

Chronic passive congestion

A

Nutmeg liver

53
Q

MC congenital cardiac anomaly seen in adults

A

ASD

54
Q

MC sustained arrhythmia

A

Atrial fibrillation

55
Q

Young male, asleep, sudden cardiac death

A

Brugada syndrome : ST segment elevation in V1-V3 in sinus rhythm -> drug challenge with Procainamide

56
Q

Artery commonly used in CABG

A

Internal mammary artery

57
Q

Acute endocarditis: normal or injured valve

A

Normal, staph aureus

58
Q

Subacute endocarditis: normal or injured valve

A

Injured: strep viridans

59
Q

Fixed, widely split S2

A

ASD

60
Q

“Machinery murmur”,
Loud S2,
Wide pulse pressure

A

PDA

61
Q

Most common cyanotic congenital heart lesion in NEWBORN

A

Transposition of great vessels

Most Common (5 decks)

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