Cardiology Flashcards
MI secondary prevention drugs
Ace-i, Aspirin Beta-blocker Clopidogrel Simvastatin GTN
In LBBB, when is the split HS?
On expiration
pulmonary valve closes before aortic valve
Amlodipine SE
Ankle swelling
Class of drug for chlortalidone
Thiazide diuretic
Clopidogrel SE
Gastric irritation
Hear failure drugs
1st line: Ace-i Beta-blocker 2nd-line: Spironolactone ARB Hydralazine Any above + nitrate
Diuretics- for fluid overload
S3
Heard soon after 2nd found in early diastole
S1
Atrioventricular
S2
Semilunar
Heart sound for hear failure
S3
HS Ventricular stiffness
S4
Retrosternal chest pain
Angina
Intermittent claudication - common place
Calf/buttock
What to encourage for intermittent claudication?
Exercise encourages collateral artery development
What exacerbates intermittent claudication?
Beta-blockers (reduce blood flow to limb)
Compression stockings
Mx critical limb iscahemia
Limb amputation (avoid spread of gangrene)
Recurrent PE Mx
IVC filter
Causes of AF
Thyrotoxocosis
Pneumonia
AF leads to
Heart failure
Stroke
Which drug reduces mortality for MI? ( ace-i or diuretics?)
Ace-i (reduces mortality)
Diuretics (symptomatic relief but x decrease mortality)
Normal axis for ECG
-30 to 90
Cause for prolonged QT interval
Hypocalcaemia
Essential HTN more common than 2ndary HTN in which population?
Young ppl
Hyperaldosteronism causing 2ndary HTN
Conn’s syndrome
AAA
Males
5.5cm threshold for repair
Endovascular repair (optional)
If high suspicion of rupture for AAA, what should you do?
Urgent laparotomy
Complication of AAA
Trash foot (embolization of aneurysm can occlude small vessels of the feet, leading to areas of necrosis)
Arterial ulcer risk factor
Smoking
How to completely heal arterial ulcer?
Tissue reperfusion
AF Mx for >65Y
Bisoprolol/atenolol/satolol
Diltiazem if beta-blocker x work
