Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cardiology I > cardiology > Flashcards

cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Diastolic murmurs

A

aortic regurgitation
pulmonic regurgitation
mitral stenosis
tricuspid stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

S1

A

closure of mitral & tricuspid valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

S2

A

closure of aortic & pulmonic valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

S3

A

volume overload, CHF,heard best w/bell in left lateral decubitus ; mitral stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

S4

A

Pressure overload, HTN, LVH,Ischemia; heard best w/bells in left lateral decubitus
NEVER NORMAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ejection click

A

aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

opening snap

A

mitral stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

mid systolic click

A

mitral valve prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

split S2

A

Normal w/ inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fixed split

A

atrial septal defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

wide split

A

right bundle branch block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

paradoxical split

A

Left bundle branch block, splits w/expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

LOUD S1

A

short PR interval, tachycardia, mitral stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Quiet S1

A

AV blocks, mitrial regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

heart sound radiates to carotids

A

aortic stenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

heart sounds radiates to back/axillae

A

mitral regurgitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

inspiration increases right side murmurs & gallops

A

mitral and aortic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

abrupt standing or valsalva increases heart sound: increases preload

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

mitral valve prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

squatting, leg raise increases most murmurs except

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral valve prolapse

20
Q

hand grip increases

A

mitral regurgitation

21
Q

systole - ventricular contractions

A

A/P valves open; stenosis

M/T valves close; regurgitation S1

22
Q

diastole - ventricular relaxation/atrial contraction

A

A/P valves close; insufficiency S2

M/T valves open; stenosis

23
Q

Aortic stenosis: Crescendo-Decrescendo systolic ejection murmur radiates to clavicle and carotid, heard best at RUSB

A

most common valve disorder; calcified valves, congenital bicuspid valves.
Sx: exertional angina, syncope, dyspnea
PE: CHF, narrow pulse pressure, pulsus parvous, S4,

24
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

ECG: LVH->LBBB->LAE->AFib
CXR: LVH->LAE-> failure
Echo: reduced area, increased gradiant, LVH

25
Q

Aortic stenosis treatment

A

asymptomatic: avoid exertion, serial echos
symptomatic: surgery

Avoid nitrates, ACE, vasodilators

26
Q

Aortic Insufficiency: early decrescendo, diastolic murmur heard best at Erb’s point to LLSB w/ pt sitting, leaning forward, exhaling. absent S2

A

acute: failed valve, dissection
chronic: atherosclerosis, endocarditis, marfans
Sx: dyspnea, orthopnea, PND, syncope, angina
PE: Wide Pulse pressure, displaced PMI, S3, dynamic pulses, apical heave

27
Q 
Aortic Insufficiency Pulses:  
waterhammer
corrigans
quinkes
deMusset
Traubes
Duroziez
A

Waterhammer: bounding forceful
Corrigans: alternating weak & strong pulse
Quinke’s: alternating filling & blanching of capilliary finger nail bed
deMusset: rhythmic nodding of head in sync w/ femoral artery
Traubes; pistol shot systolic sound heard over femoral artery
Duroziez: audible diastolic murmur heard over femoral artery when compressed with bell stethoscope

28
Q

Aortic Insufficiency:

A

ECG: LVH-> LAE
CXR: LVH->LAE->Cardiomegaly
echo: increased regurgitant fraction
Stress test: hypotension w/ exercise

29
Q

Aortic Insufficiency treatment:

A

asymptomatic: serial echos, afterload reduction
symptomatic: avoid exertion, treat CHF: ace, vasodilators
surgery: NYHA class III/IV: replacement

30
Q

Mitral Stenosis: mid diastolic rumble heard best at apex with bell in left lateral decubitus position. LOUD S1

A

Rheumatic heart dz; increased with pregnancy, AF, tachycardia
Sx: DOE, orthopnea, fatigue, palpitations, peripheral edema.
PE: AFIB, parasternal lift, crackles

31
Q

Mitral Stenosis:

A

ECG: normal LV, LAE, RVH, RAE, Afib
CXR: LAE, CHF
echo: reduced valve area, increased gradiant, LAE

32
Q

Mitral Stenosis Treatment:

A

avoid exertion, pregnancy counseling, agressive mgmt of volume, manage AFIB and CHF
Beta blockers, digitalis
surgery NYHA III/IV: balloon->repair-> replace

33
Q

Mitral Regurgitation: holosystolic murmur at the apex or axilla with apical thrill

A

Acute: MI, Ischemia
Chronic: MVP, LV, Dilatation: CHF, DCM
Sx: dyspnea, PND, Orthopnea, palpitation, peripheral edema.
PE: displaced hyperdynamic PMI; parasternal lift, thrill, S3

34
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

A

ECG: LAE, LVH,
CXR: LAE, LVH, Failure
Echo: regurgitant fraction, LAE
Right heart CATH: elevated Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure

35
Q

Mitral Regurgitation Treatment:

A 
asymptomatic: serial echos
Acute Sxs: vasodilators -> surgery
Chronic Sxs: decreased preload (diuretics) -> decrease afterload (ACE)
Surgery: for symptomatic MR
NYHA: III/IV Repair-> Replace
36
Q

Mitral Valve Prolapse: thickened leaflets, myxomatous degeneration, F>M.

A

Sx: stabbing chest pain, anxiety, depression, palpitations, fatigue,
Heartsounds: Mid systolic click

37
Q

Mitral Valve Prolapse treatment

A

benign neglect

only if symptomatic:

38
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: grade II/III systolic ejection murmur at left sternal border that increases w/ sudden standing/valsalva. Diminishes w/ squatting/ leg raise.

A

Sxs: exertional dyspnea, near syncope
PE: double/triple carotid & apical impulses at the neck S4

39
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy:

A

ECG: LVH in young individuals, Q waves in V5, V6, I, aVL
CXR: LVH
Echo: asymptomatic hypertrophy of the septum

40
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Treatment:

A

Exercise restriction and beta blockers
refractory: surgical myectomy, ETOH ablation, dual chamber pacemaker
AICD & Amiodarone for SCD symptoms

41
Q

Tricuspid Stenosis: narrrowing of tricuspid valve opening, restricts blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle

A

giant A waves

Sxs: palpitations, fluttering discomfort sensation, cold skin and fatigue.

42
Q

Tricuspid Regurgitation: backward leakage of blood at tricuspid valve-right side heart.

A

Sxs: vague fatigue, weakness,

may have pulsing in neck veins, abdominal swelling, lower extremity edema in legs, ankles, feet.

43
Q

Tricuspid Regurgitation Treatment:

A

only if symptomatic; diuretics for edema.

Surgical valve repair or replacement.

44
Q

Pulmonic Stenosis: narrowing of the pulmonary opening and restricts blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. Due to congenital birth defect. can develop from rheumatic heart dz or carcinoid syndrome.

A

Sxs: low exercise tolerance, fatigue, fainting, abdominal distention, poor weight gain, shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations, cyanosis-lips, fingernails.

45
Q

Pulmonic Stenosis Treatment:

A

If mild - no treatment

if moderate to severe- referral to cardiology, valve repair, replacement.

46
Q

Innocent, Physiologic, functional murmurs: sounds made by blood circulating in the heart.

A

Stills murmur: musical, resonant, vibratory sound at the right lower left sternal border or right upper sternmal border.
Venous hum: flow of blood at internal jugular vein that causes the vein walls to vibrate.

47
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosis: unclosed hole in aorta, ductus arteriosis fails to close.

A

Sxs: rough continuous machinery murmur

Small hold- asymptomatic
Large hold- tachypnea, difficulty feeding, growing.

Treatment: catheterization closure w/

cardiology I (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions