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Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

parameters to monitor when on magnesium sulphate therapy

A

reflexes, respiratory rate

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2
Q

parameters to define preecclampsia

A

condition seen after 20 weeks of gestation
pregnancy induced HTN
proteinuria

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3
Q

Regime of magnesium sulphate in ecclampsia ?

A

IV bolus of 4g over 5-10 minutes should be given followed by an infusion of 1g / hour

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4
Q

regular canon waves are found in

A

1.ventricular tachycardia (with 1:1 ventricular-atrial conduction)
2.atrio-ventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia (AVNRT)

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5
Q

irregular canon waves are seen in

A

complete heart block

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6
Q

prophylaxis for angina

A

betablocker

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7
Q

which drug, when taken together with beta blocker will cause heart block/ fatal arrest ?

A

verampamil

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8
Q

initial physiological response to valsalva maneuver

A

reduced venous return

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9
Q

duration of DOAC for people with provoked VTE

A

3 months

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10
Q

what is the diagnosis ? young man collapsed during excercise, family history of sudden death at young age. ECG - coved ST elevation from V1- V3

A

brugada syndrome

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11
Q

class of drug - indapamide

A

thiazide like diuretic

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12
Q

conditions where S3 heart sound is heard

A

left ventricular failure ( cardiac myopathy )
constrictive pericarditis
mitral regurgitation

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13
Q

diastolic murmur + excertional dyspnea is seen in

A

mitral valve stenosis

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14
Q

management of brugada syndrome

A

implantable cardioveter defibrillator

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15
Q

in which ethicity is brugada most commonly seen ?

A

asian

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16
Q

atrialisation of right ventricle

A

ebstein’s anomaly

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17
Q

RBBB, pansystolic murmur worse on expiration, may be associated with WPW syndrome

A

ebstein anomaly

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18
Q

what all parameters to monitor for patients started with simvastatin ?

A

LFT at baseline, 3 months and 12 months

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19
Q

what is the guideline from DVLA for Group 2 (heavy vehicles )?patients with heart failure

A

if LVEF < 40 - barred from driving.
If LVEF >/= 40o, then can get license back only if asymptomatic with treatment

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20
Q

persistent ST elevation following recent MI with no chest pain

A

left ventricular aneurysm

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21
Q

fever,pleuritic pain and pericardial effussion after MI

A

dresslers syndrome

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22
Q

treatment of choice for left ventricular aneurysm following MI

A

anticoagulation as increased risk of thrombus

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23
Q

what is the indication for emergency valve replacement surgery in infective endocarditis?

A

1.infective endocarditis causing congestive cardiac failure
2. sepsis even after abx therapy (+/- perivalvular abscess, fistulae, perforation)
3.Recurrent embolic episodes despite antibiotic therapy
4.Pregnancy

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24
Q

MOA of fondaparinux

A

activates antithrombin III

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25
JVP wave findings in tricuspid regurgitation
prominent V waves
26
IVDU - SOB+ B/L leg swelling+pansystolic murmur
tricuspid regurgitation
27
canon A wave in JVP
complete heart block
28
Absent A wave in JVP
AF
29
prominent X descent in JVP
acute cardiac tamponade ,congestive pericarditis
30
absent X descent in JVP
AF
31
when do we give adrenaline for non shockable rhythms ?
as soon as possible
32
VF/Pulseless VT - course of action in ALS?
un synchronised shock
33
which drug to give for patients with BG of asthma , coming with SVT, not subsiding by vagal maneuver ?
verampamil ( adenosine is contraindicated )
34
giant V wave in JVP
tricuspid regurgitation
35
kausmaul sign in JVP
constructive pericarditis
36
non pulsatile JVP
superior venacava obstruction
37
Treatment of choice for PAH for pts with positive response to acute vasodilator testing ?
CCB
38
Treatment of choice for PAH for pts with negative response to acute vasodilator testing ?
1.prostacyclin analogue 2.endothelin receptor antagonist 3.phosphodiesterase inhibitor
39
Define hypetension in pregnancy
BP> 140/90 or increase above booking reading of > 30 sytolic and > 15 diastolic
40
MOA of dypiridamole
decrease cellular uptake of adenosine
41
urticaria pigmentosa (produces a wheel on robbing)+ flashing, plus abdominal pain. What is the diagnosis?
Mastocytosis
42
How to diagnose mastocytosis
1. Raised serum tryptase level 2.urinary histamine
43
Low pitched rumbling, diastolic murmur is a characteristic of
mitral stenosis
44
Intervention of choice for severe mitral, stenosis
mitral commissurotomy
45
Most common cause of mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic fever
46
Inherited long QT syndrome, sensory neural deafness-what is the diagnosis?
Jervell and lange neilson syndrome
47
what is the percentage of the cardiovascular risk of patients , above which we will give statin ?
10
48
drug to be taken for pregnant patient high risk of pre eclampsia
Aspirin 75 mg OD from 12 week until birth of the baby
49
which drug does not improve the mortality of the patients with chronic heart failure ?
furosemide
50
first line for heart failure ?
ace inhibitor and beta blocker
51
what is the bc cardiac arrest dose of adrenaline ?
1mg 1:10,000
52
MOA of statins
Inhibit HMG COA reductase
53
Pneumonic RILE on murmur
Right sided - best heard on Inspiration Left sided - best heard on Expiration
54
when do we give adrenaline in non shockable rhythm?
as soon as possible
55
what type of pulse is associated with mixed aortic valve disease ?
bisferiens pulse
56
which all syndromes are indicated for implatable cardiac defibrillators?
long QT syndrome Brugada syndrome
57
definitive management of WPW syndrome ?
radiofrequency ablation
58
medical therapy for WPW syndrome ?
sotalolol, amiodarone , flecanaide
59
which medication to avoid in WPW if with AF ?
sotalolol
60
which medication to avoid in WPW syndrome ?
adenosine - will precipitate VF/VT
61
what is stage 1 HTN?
BP > = 135/85
62
what is stage 2 HTN?
BP>=150/95
63
criteria for treating stage 1 HTN?
less than 80 years end organ damage established cardiovascular disease renal disease diabetes 10 year cardiovascular risk => 10 %
64
which all electrolyte abnormality would cause QT prolongation
hypokalaemia, hypocalcemia
65
most common electrolyte abnormality associate with pamidronate in fusion ?
hypocalcaemia
66
first line treatment for chronic heart failure
ACE inhibitor + betablocker
67
if patient with chronic heart failure needs treatment for HTN, which would you choose ? ACEi or BB
ACE i as as per NICE, ACEI comes before BB for HTN
68
which two drugs can cause increased risk of myopathy ?
statin + erythromicin/clarithromycin
69
MOA of thiazide diuretics ?
inhibition of na reabsorption b y blocking na/ cl symporter at DCT
70
most common extra pulmonary manifestation of TB
hypoadrenalism
71
which drug to be given along with first antibiotic in suspected meningitis to reduce risk of neurological sequele?
dexamethasone
72
DOC for mild to moderate leptospirosis ?
doxycycline/azithromycin
73
DOC for severe leptospirosis ?
IV benzylpenicillin
74
Is there a vaccine for hep C ?
no
75
IOC to diagnose acute hepatitis ?
HCV RNA
76
which eye problem is associated with chronic HEP C infection ?
sjogrens syndrome
77
lock jaw is associated with which infection
clostridium tetani
78
which neurotransmitter is blockjed in clostridiumj infection ?
GABA and glycine
79
lock jaw, respiratory paralysis, deep tendon reflexes
clostridium tetani
80
flu like symptoms then brief remission - followed by jaundice and hemetemesis
yellow fever
81
fever , hypotension , desquamating rash
staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome
82
what is the firts step to be taken in cheicken pox exposure in pregnancy ?
check antibodies
83
What is recommended for prophylaxis of contact of patients with meningitis?
Oral Ciprofloxacin for one dose
84

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