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Cardiology > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which leads are the standard (Bipolar) leads?

A

I, II, III (limb leads)

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2
Q

Which leads are the augmented leads?

A

aVR, aVL, aVF

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3
Q

Which leads are the chest (precordial)?

A

V1-V6

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4
Q

Lead I views which area of the heart?

And how does it read the difference in potential?

A

Views lateral wall of left ventricle.

Electrical potential between left arm (+) and right arm (-)

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5
Q

Lead II views which area of the heart?

And how does it read the difference in potential?

A

Views inferior surface of left ventricle.

Electrical potential between left leg (+) and right arm (-)

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6
Q

Lead III views which part of the heart?

And how does it read the difference in potential?

A

Views inferior surface of left ventricle.

Electrical potential between left leg (+) and left arm (-)

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7
Q

Which lead is considered the diagnostic lead?

A

Lead II

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8
Q

Augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL, aVF) ?
• A =
• V =
• R =
• L =
• F =

A

Augmented
Voltage
Right arm
Left arm
Foot (usually left leg)

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9
Q

Where does lead aVR view the heart and from which part of the body?

A

Views the hear from the right shoulder and does not view any wall of the heart.

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10
Q

Where does lead aVL view the heart and from which part of the body?

A

Views the heart from the left shoulder and is oriented to the lateral wall of the left ventricle.

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11
Q

Where does lead aVF view the heart and from which part of the body?

A

Views the heart from the left foot (leg).

Views the inferior surface of the left ventricle.

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12
Q

V1 lead placement and heart surface viewed?

A

Right side of sternum, 4th intercostal space.

Septum

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13
Q

V2 lead placement and heart surface viewed?

A

Left side of sternum, 4th intercostal space.

Septum

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14
Q

V3 lead placement and heart surface viewed?

A

Midway between V2 and V4.

Anterior

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15
Q

V4 lead placement and heart surface viewed?

A

Left midclavicular line, 5th intercostal space

Anterior

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16
Q

V5 lead placement and heart surface viewed?

A

Left anterior axillary line, same level as V4

Lateral

17
Q

V6 lead placement and heart surface viewed?

A

Left midaxillary line, same level as V4

Lateral

18
Q

Baseline (isoelectric line) (define)

A

A straight line recorded when electrical activity is not detected.

19
Q

Waveform (define)

A

Movement away from the baseline in either a positive (upward) or negative (downward) direction.

20
Q

If the wave of depolarization moves toward the positive electrode, which way will the waveform be recorded?

A

Upright

21
Q

If the wave of depolarization moves toward the negative electrode, which way will the waveform be recorded?

A

Upside down (inverted)

22
Q

What is the width and height of the smallest square on an ECG paper?

A

1mm x 1mm

23
Q

How much time is measured by the smallest box on ECG paper?

A

0.04 sec

24
Q

How much time is measured by one big box on ECG paper?

A

0.2 sec

25
Q

How much time is measured by 5 large boxes on ECG paper?

A

1 second

26
Q

How much time is measured by 15 large boxes on ECG paper?

A

3 seconds.

27
Q

How much time is measured by 30 large boxes on ECG paper?

A

6 seconds.

28
Q

Segment (define)

A

A line between waveforms. Named by waveform that precedes or follows it.

29
Q

Interval (define)

A

A waveform and a segment

30
Q

Complex (define)

A

Several waveforms.

31
Q

During a P wave, what is occurring in the heart?

A

Atrial depolarization and spread of the impulse throughout right and left atria

32
Q

What is a normal height and length in time for a P wave?

A

No more than 2.5 mm in height and no more than 0.11 sec in duration.

33
Q

What is occurring in the heart during a QRS complex?

A

Represents spread of electrical impulse through the ventricles, or ventricular depolarization.

34
Q

Is a Q wave a positive or negative deflection?

A

Always negative.

35
Q

What is occurring in the heart during a Q wave?

A

Represents depolarization of interventricular septum.

36
Q

Normal physiological Q waves length in time and height?

A

• Less than 0.4 sec
• less than 1/3 the height of R wave in that lead

37
Q

Abnormal (pathological) Q waves length in time and height?

A

More than 0.04 sec and more than 1/3 height of the following R wave in that lead.

Cardiology (2 decks)

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